Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Kellogg-Briand
change in USA's attitude toward the league
but senate still voted against membership peace movements put pressure on the US to participate in disarmament movement hence Kellogg Briand pact rejecting war "as an instrument of national policy" 65 nations
disarmed if other countries didn't disarm enough, germany would demand right to rearm 1933 hitler takes germany out of conference
on their own problems not collective security political instability in europe made many countries wary to disarm (rise of nationalism in Germany, 1932 elections) Japan's invasion of Manchuria undermined power of league
Naval, London conference, Kellogg-Briand, League of Nations-important player China had begun civil war, Marxism emerges and war weakens country
Manchuria
Japanese controlled Korea (rusoJapwar) And South Manchurian railway book100 Kwangtung name of Japanese army in Manchuria, 15,000
large supplies of coal, iron Most foreignors in China, Japanese Some hostile incidents Strikes and boycotts against J. goods Some sympathy
Manchurian Crisis
Sept. 18, 1931, bomb explodes in Mukden Japanese accuse China, but most likely they
refuses Lord Lytton investigates, takes more than a year pink 188 By then Japan has invaded and occupied League accepts report, Japan asked to return Manchuko Japan refuses, leaves league
Abyssinia-background
After Corfu Mussolini draws closer to west,
help with Locarno 1925 Joined Kellogg Briand 1928 Invited to sign Stresa Front 1935, by UK and FRance 1935 UK and Germany sign Anglo-German Naval Agreement, UK did not notify Mussolini
colonies MAP 1896 Abyssinia had defeated Italy at Adowa, Muss wanted payback, as well as overseas colonies Aquire more raw materials, markets etc to counteract depression
1934-1935
Italian troops provoke clash at Wal Wal Oasis Muss demands Oasis and compensation for
death of his soldiers Halie Selassie, Emperor of Abyssinia hoped he would receive aid if attacked Arms embargo placed on Ab. And Italy, hurt Ab more
Sovereignty denied
Hurt Abyssinia as they could not use League
and had to give in to Mussolini UK and France offer him territory but he refuses
October 1935
Muss invades League declares him an aggressor, impose
troops
against Germany Feared if sanctions affected I. economy Mussolini would want to go to war Mussolni thought it unfair to have sanctions when Japan had not
Reactions to invasion?
Uk malta gib keep navy strong for Japs Italy could prote frenc med Italy as corridor MAP Public against war pushed appease
Hoare-Laval Pact
Sam hoare who Pierre laval who offer muss pats Decide to offer halie somali and access to sea Leaked, lost jobs Ab devastated Muss mass abs Halie asked for arms embargo lifted
Effect of Crisis
League a joke Stresa front ended Italy moves to germ rome berlin axis left