Introduction to Computer Graphics & Applications.

MCA (5th Sem)

Prasanta Kumar Swain
School of computer application KIIT University

Class Web Page

http://kiitsca.googlepages.com http://Prasantkiit.googlepages.com
Class lectures will available after the class in web

Assignments will be given very soon

Topics
Core graphics pipeline

Introduction, Overview of graphics System, scan conversion / clipping, Modeling transformation, viewing transformation.

Graphics Applications
Entertainment: Cinema

Square: Final Fantasy

Pixar: Monsters Inc.

Entertainment
Graphics method can also be used to simulate a human actor. Using digital file of an actors facial expression, an animation program can generate a replica of that person, so we can use in absence of the actor also.

Final Fantasy (Square, USA)

Entertainment
Animation: Motion provided to an object which is not in existence. Ex- Cartoon movies( feels to continuous and natural) Morphing: Graphical technique in which one object or image transformed into other appears to be smooth not rapid. Ex- Terminator, Matrix etc.

A Bugs Life (Pixar)

Graphs and Charts

Commonly used engineering data. to summarize financial, mathematical, statistical, relationship between multiple parameters can be presented by using 2D or 3D or higher dimensional spaces.

Graphics Applications
Medical Visualization

The Visible Human Project

MIT: Image-Guided Surgery Project

Graphics Applications
Everyday Use
Microsofts Whistler OS will use graphics seriously

Graphics visualizations and debuggers

Visualize complex software systems

Everyday use

Everyday use

Window system and large-screen interaction metaphors

Graphics Applications
Scientific Visualization

Scientific Visualization

Airflow around a Harrier Jet (NASA Ames)

Graphics Applications
Computer Aided Design (CAD)

Computer Aided Drafting and Design (CADD)

Used for engineering and architectural system. Ex: aircraft, building, textile, home appliance etc. Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) Tied with computer design so that manufacturing or fabrication of the product can be automated using CAM.

Graphics Applications(Training)
Heavy machinery operation, assembling etc.

Aircraft training, traffic controlling system etc.

Designing Effective Step-By-Step Assembly Instructions (Maneesh Agrawala et. al)

Graphics Applications
Entertainment: Games

GT Racer 3

Polyphony Digital: Gran Turismo 3, A Spec

Games

Circus Atari (Atari)

Education

Outside In (Geometry Center, University of Minnesota)

Graphics Applications
Virtual reality environment User can interact with the object in three dimensional scene. Used for training pilots and operators of heavy weight machines.

Graphics Applications
Computer Art. Paint brush

Graphics Applications
Image processing -The modification or interpretation of existing pictures such as photographs and TV scan called image processing.

-improve picture quality by enhancing picture in digital format.

-wide medical applications like Computed X-ray tomography(CT), position emission tomography etc.

The Basics
Computer Graphics involves display, manipulation and storage of pictures and experimental data for proper visualization using a computer.

Main tasks:
modeling: (shape) creating and representing the geometry of objects in the 3D world
rendering: (light, perspective) generating 2D images of the objects

animation: (movement) describing how objects change in time

Graphics System Framework

 Computer Graphics systems could be active or passive. In both cases, the input to the system is the scene

description and output is a static or animated scene to be displayed.

In case of active systems, the user controls the display with the help of a GUI, using an input device.

Graphics Definitions
Point
a location in space, 2D or 3D

sometimes denotes one pixel

Line
straight path connecting two points
infinitesimal width, consistent density beginning and end on points

Graphics Definitions
Vertex
point in 3D

Edge
line in 3D connecting two vertices

Polygon/Face/Facet
arbitrary shape formed by connected vertices fundamental unit of 3D computer graphics

Graphics Definitions
Raster
derived from TV systems for a row of pixels

commonly referred to as a scanline

does influence algorithms reducing memory requirements, parallelism, etc. is the derivation of rasterization, scan-line algorithms

Can we learn from history? Perspective

Machines

Perspective
Lorenzetti
Birth of the Virgin

1342

Leonardo
The Last Supper

1498

Shape

5-minute Test
Relate the issues 1) Wireframe model and design 2) Virtual reality and training 3) Image processing and virtual realization.

Home Work(Assignment)
List out any one most important application area of computer graphics and give most latest improvements in that area. Represent your assignment using tools like graphs ,pictures and figures etc to make it interactive.