PROTEIN

Made up by elements: i) CARBON ii) HYDROGEN

iii) OXYGEN
iv) NITROGEN

Some proteins also contain:

i) sulphur ii) phosphorus

All proteins are made up of monomers or units called

AMINO ACIDS

Alanine

R group= CH3

Glysine

R group= H

DIPEPTIDE
Amino acid

Amino acid
CONDENSATION

Dipeptide

water

Example 1:

 Example 2: NH2HCHCOOH + NH2HCHCOOH

Dipeptide + water
HYDROLYSIS

Amino acid + Amino acid

POLYPEPTIDE
Various type of amino acids can linked to form polypeptide chain.

STRUCTURE OF PROTEIN
I) primary structure II) secondary structure III) tertiary structure IV) quartenary structure

PRIMARY STRUCTURE
A linear sequence of amino acid in polypeptide chain.

SECONDARY STRUCTURE
Polypeptide chain that is coiled form:

alpha-helix

Hydrogen bond

Polypeptide chain that is folded form:

Beta-pleated sheet

TERTIARY STRUCTURE
the alpha-helix chain or beta-pleaded sheets are folded into a 3-D shape of a polypeptide. example: hormone , enzyme, antibodies.

QUARTENARY STRUCTURE
Combination of 2 or more tertiary structure polypeptide chains to form one large or complex protein molecule. example: haemoglobin

GROUPS OF AMINO ACID

i) essential amino acid - amino acids that cannot be synthesised by the body. - can only be obtained from the diet. - example: leucine

 ii) non-essential amino acid - amino acid that can be synthesized by the body. - example: alanine

SHORT QUIZ

1 3

2 5 6

Amino acid + Amino acid

X
Y

Dipeptide + water

1) What is X and Y? X = condensation Y = hydrolysis

2) Protein consist elements of :

CARBON i)______________ HYDROGEN ii)_____________ iii)_____________ OXYGEN NITROGEN iv)_____________ SULPHUR v)_____________ PHOSPHORUS vi)_____________

3) The monomer unit of protein is :

Amino acid

4) Protein can be divided into 4 structures which are:

i) ii) iii) iv)
Primary structure ___________ Secondary structure ___________ ___________ Tertiary structure Quartenary structure ___________

5) Which of the following have the structure of protein as below?

I. II. III. IV.

Enzymes Antibodies Cholestrol haemoglobin

A) I & II B) I,II & IV C) II, III& IV D) I, II,III & IV

6) What is essential & non essential amino acid?

Esential amino acid = Amino acid that cannot be
synthesized by the body

Non-essential amino = Amino acid that can be Synthesized by the body. acid

SORRY, PLEASE TRY AGAIN

SORRY, PLEASE TRY AGAIN

SORRY, PLEASE TRY AGAIN