GAS GENSETS KONDLI STP ALTERNATORS AND PARALLEL OPERATION

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A.THIAGARAJAN

GAS GENSETS - ALTERNATORS

SALIENT FEATURES OF ALTERNATORS. ALTERNATOR RATING VOLTAGE FREQUENCY SPEED NO. OF POLES CONSTRUCTION DEGREE OF PROTECTION INSULATION TEMPERATURE RISE TYPE OF POLES : : : : : : : : : : 1315kVA. 415V. 50Hz. 1500RPM. 4. B3. IP23. H. F. SALIENT.

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A.THIAGARAJAN

GAS GENSETS - ALTERNATORS

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A.THIAGARAJAN

ALTERNATOR STATOR

FIELD

BRIDGE RECTIFIER

EXCITATION ROTOR

EXCITER FIELD

AVR

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A.THIAGARAJAN

Gas Engines Parallel Operation Of Alternators

PARALLEL OPERATION Parallel operation is the operation of 2 or more sources of AC electrical power whose output loads are connected to a common load. Connection of the power sources is made so that the sources electrically function as a single source of power. MODES OF PARALLEL OPERATION Island mode An island system is a small isolated power system. For e.g.When a Gas Engine or a group of Gas Engines are the only power sources in the system it is designated an island system and they will always produce the entire amount of power needed. Grid Parallel mode. Here Gas Engine supplies power to network that is tied to a grid / utility. Power supplied from several independent power sources & frequency & voltage are controlled by largest power suppliers in this case the grid. This means that frequency of grid cannot be changed by Gas Engine set.
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Gas Engines Paralleling of Alternators

A. 1. 2. 3.

B. 1. 2.

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Basic requirements for paralleling : Voltage rating of incoming set to be same as that of existing set or grid at point of connection. The rated frequency of the voltage output from new set must be equal to that of the grid or existing set. The sequence of phase rotation of the incoming set must be same as that of the grid or with existing sets at the point of connection. Control systems for DG synchronization : Manual synchronization - Double voltmeter, Double frequency meter, synchroscope or check synchro relay. Automatic synchronization Auto synchronizer which also adjusts voltage and frequency of incoming machine and sends the switchgear closing command at the instant of synchronism automatically thus enabling the operator to perform synchronism 6 at one single command. A.THIAGARAJAN

Gas Engines Paralleling of Alternators

Electronic Speed control system consists of : 1. Speed Control Unit. 2. Actuator unit. Engine speed sensed by magnetic pick up which supplies control unit with voltage pulses proportional to speed of engine. Speed control unit is an electronic regulator that based on sensed speed signal, provides actuator with a signal proportional to change in fuel injected to keep engine running at constant speed. When 2 or more gensets are paralleled there must be some kind of load sharing. Load sharing means each genset will supply its proportional part of load and ensure that load changes are absorbed proportionately.
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Gas Engines Paralleling of Alternators

Paralleling using droop control Droop control is a speed control and load sharing method by which Gensets can share the load by decreasing speed proportionately to an increase in load. Droop is the percentage that speed drops below the no load speed when set is fully loaded. Droop control can be used in island systems as well as utility systems. Paralleling in isochronous mode In this mode the plant frequency remains constant independent of load variations. Load sharing in the isochronous operating mode is done by an electronic load sharing unit which compares the load of running engines and shares the load of running engines according to the settings simultaneously maintaining a plant frequency constant.

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A.THIAGARAJAN

FREQUENCY

Hz
50 49 48 47

Nominal speed

Operating speed

Machine 1 Load on M/ c 2 Machine 2

Load on M / c 1
0 100 %

LOAD % LOAD SHARING BETWEEN TWO MACHINE EOUAL RATINGS DIFFERENT DROOPS 21-09-09 A.THIAGARAJAN 9

FREQUENCY ( Hz)

FREQUENCY ( Hz )

4.5 MW

6 MW

LOAD SHARING BETWEEN TWO MACHINES DIFFERENT RATINGS EQUAL DROOP 21-09-09 A.THIAGARAJAN 10

GRID

G1

G2

G3

GRID

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Gas Engines Alternator Protections

Voltage Restraint Over current. Over Current Earth Fault Over Voltage Under Voltage Over Frequency Under Frequency Differential Protection

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