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What is Motivation
Motivation is derived from the word MOTIVE which means needs, desire, wants within the individual.
While, Motivation is the process of stimulating people actions to accomplish the goals.
Motivation Theories
The motivational concept were developed around 1950s. Three main classical theories made during this period are Maslows Hierarchy of Needs theories
The Mangers and learned professional till date use these classical theories to explain the concept of employee motivation.
Physiological Needs: this are basic needs of air, water, food, clothing and Shelter. This are the needs of basic amenities of life. Safety needs: This needs are related to safety and protection. For instance Job security, financial security, family security, health security. Social needs: This need include need for love, affection, care ,friendship. Esteem needs: Esteems needs are of two types; Internal esteem (selfrespect, confidence, achievement, and freedom) and External esteem needs (recognition, power, status, admiration) Self-actualization needs: This include urge to become what you are capable of becoming. Self-actualization needs are never fully satisified. This is because as individual grow, opportunity keep cropping up to continue too grow.
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Pay- pay structure should be appropriate and reasonable Company policies- this should not be to rigid Fringe benefits- offer Healthcare plans, employee development, benefits to family members Physical working condition- clean, safe & hygienic work enviroment Job security provide job security to employees.
Motivational factors This factors yield positive satisfaction, they motivate employee for superior performance. This factors are also called Satisfiers. Motivational factors include:
Recognition- employee should be praised & recognized for the accomplishment Sense of achievement- there should be some employee goal linked to the job. Growth & promotional opportunities- within the organisation to perform well. Responsibility- employee should be given ownership of there work. Meaningfulness of the work- job should be interesting, challenging to perform and get motivated.
Very few organisation uses Theory X today, as it involves exteral control over employee & it does not encourages innovation in work environment.
May organisation have adopted Theory Y, as it encourages decentralization of authority, team work & participative decision making within organisation.
ERG Theory.
Under this theory, Maslows theory was re-categorized into 3 simpler classes i. Existence needs- satisfying basic needs (Psychological& Safety needs) ii. Relatedness needs- individual aspiration of getting public fame & recognition (Social & esteem needs) iii. Growth needs- for self-development and personal growth and advancement (Self actualisation needs)
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McClellends Theory of needs. Human behaviour is affected by 3 needs i. Power- to influence others behaviour. ii. Acheivement- to achieve success. iii. Affiliation- needs for open and social interpersonal relationship.
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Goal setting theory. Under this theory, specific and challenging goals along with appropriate feedback contribute to higher and better task performance.
Reinforcement theory. According to this theory external environment of the organisation must be designed effectively and positively so as to motivate the employees.
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Equity theory of motivation. Based on the principle of balance or equity. Higher is the individual perception of fairness, greater is motivational level and vice versa.
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Expectancy theory of motivation. It states that employees motivation is an outcome of howmuch an individual wants a reward. In other words, reward is the importance associated by an individual about the expected outcome.
So motivation can be summarized as, It is not a thing that can be brought from market & given to employee, but it is an art by which manager need to identify his employees needs and try to satisfy those identified needs by linking it to organisational objectives.
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