Fatih University, Istanbul, Turkey

Supply Chain Management: The Latest Trends

Presented By

Dr. Md. Mamun Habib

Assistant Professor Dept. of Operations Management Faculty of Business Administration

American International University Bangladesh (AIUB)

May 02, 2012 Dep't of Industrial Engineering, Fatih University Istanbul, Turkey

Research Publications
Conference Proceedings
1.Habib, M. and C. Jungthirapanich, An Integrated Framework for Research and Education Supply Chain for the Universities, 4th IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology, IEEE Computer Society, USA, Sep., 2008, pp. 1027-1032, ISBN 978-1-4244-2329-3 2. Habib, M. and C. Jungthirapanich, Integrated Educational Supply Chain Management (IESCM) for the Universities, Sixth AIMS International Conference on Management, India, Dec., 2008 3. Habib, M. and C. Jungthirapanich, A Research Model of Integrated Educational Supply Chain for the Universities, INFOMS International Conference on Technology and Business Management (ICTBM), Dubai, March, 2009 4. Habib, M. Research Framework of Education Supply Chain, Research Supply Chain and Educational Management for the Universities, International Conference on Information Technology, Thailand, March, 2009

5. Habib, M., An Integrated Research Framework of Educational Management for the Universities INFOMS Ninth International Conference on Operations and Quantitative Management Los Angeles, USA, June, 2009
6. Habib, M. and C. Jungthirapanich, Research Framework of Educational Supply Chain Management for the Universities, IEEE International Conference on Engineering Management and Service Sciences EMS, China, September, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4244-4638-4
2

Conference Proceedings (Continued)

7.Habib, M. An Empirical Study of Education & Research Supply Chain for the Universities Seventh AIMS International Conference Management, India, December, 2009 8.Habib, M. and C. Jungthirapanich, An Empirical Study of Educational Supply Chain Management for the Universities INFORMS International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM), Bangladesh, January, 2010, ISBN 978-984-33-0989-1 9.Habib, M. An Empirical Study of Integrated Tertiary Educational Management International Conference on Operations and Management Sciences 2010 - ICOMS 10, India, February, 2010 10.Habib, M. and C. Jungthirapanich, An Empirical Research of Integrated Educational Management for the Universities, The 2nd IEEE International Conference on Information Management and Engineering (ICIME), China, April, 2010, ISBN: 978-1-4244-5263-7 11.Habib, Mamun An Empirical Research of Educational Supply Chain for the Universities, The 5th IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology (ICMIT), Singapore, June, 2010, E-ISBN 978-1-4244-6566-8, Print ISBN 978-1-4244-6565-1 12.Habib, M. An Empirical Study of Tertiary Educational Supply Chain Management, International Conference on Knowledge globalization, 2010, Bangladesh, May, 2010, ISBN 978-984-33-1691-2
3

Research Publications

Conference Proceedings (Continued)

13. Habib, Dr. Md. Mamun, An Exploratory Study of Supply Chain Management for Tertiary Educational Institutions, 2011 IEEE International Technology Management Conference (ITMC), San Jose, California USA, June, 2011, ISBN 978-1-61284-950-8

Research Publications

14. Habib, Dr. Mamun, An Exploratory Research on Educational Supply Chain Management, The IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), Singapore, December, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4577-0738-4
15. Habib, Md. Mamun, An Integrated Tertiary Educational Supply Chain Management (ITESCM) Model, SAARANSH - International Conference PrCON -2012 on Developing Strategies for Organizations in Global Economics: Prospects, Issues & Challenges, India, February, 2012 16. Habib, M., Pathik and Chowdhury, Analysis of Educational Supply Chain Management Model: A Case Study Approach, The 3rd International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (IEOM), Turkey, July, 2012 17. Habib, M., Pathik and Chowdhury, A Descriptive Study on Supply Chain Management Model for the Academia, The 6th IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology (ICMIT), Indonesia, June, 2012
4

Research Publications
Journals
1.Habib, M. and C. Jungthirapanich, Research Framework of Education Supply Chain, Research Supply Chain and Educational Management for the Universities, International Journal of the Computer, the Internet and Management (IJCIM), Thailand, Vol. 17, No. SP1, 2009, pp.24.1-8, ISSN 0858-7027

2.Habib, M. and C. Jungthirapanich, Integrated Educational Management for the Universities, The Journal of China-USA Business Review, David Publishing Company, IL, USA, Vol. 8, No. 8, 2009, pp. 25-38, ISSN 1537-1514, CBSN 270B0070
3. Habib, M. and C. Jungthirapanich, An Integrated Form of Educational Management for the Universities, International Journal of Management Science & Engineering Management (IJMSEM), 2010 4. Habib, Dr. Md. Mamun, Supply Chain Management: Theory and its Future Perspectives, International Journal of Business, Management and Social Sciences (IJBMSS), Vol. 1, No. 1, 2010 5. Habib, Dr. Md. Mamun, An Exploratory Analysis of Educational Management for the Universities, International Journal of Engineering, Business, Management (IJEBM), Croatia, Vol. 3, No. 3, September, 2011, ISSN 1847-9790 6. Habib, Dr. Md. Mamun and Pathik, Bishwajit B. An Investigation of Education and Research Management for Tertiary Academic Institutions International Journal of Engineering, Business, Management (IJEBM), Croatia, 2012, ISSN 1847-9790 7. Habib, Dr. Md. Mamun and Ali, Mohammad, The material requirements planning system for readymade garments and inventory control, Journal of Applied Management and Investments (JAMI), Ukraine, May, 5 2012, ISSN 2225-3467

Research Publications Books

1. Habib, M. and C. Jungthirapanich, International Supply Chain Management: Integrated Educational Supply Chain Management (IESCM) Model for the Universities, International Retailing: Text and Readings, S L Gupta, (Ed.), Excel Books, India, June, 2010, ISBN: 978-81-7446-859-8 2. Habib, Md. Mamun, An Empirical Research of ITESCM (Integrated Tertiary Educational Supply Chain Management) Model Dr. Md. Mamun Habib (Editor), Management and Services, Sciyo.com, Croatia, October, 2010, ISBN 978-953-307-118-3 3. Habib, Dr. Md. Mamun, Supply Chain Management for Academia - An Integrated Tertiary Educational Supply Chain Management (ITESCM), LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany, December 2010, ISBN 978-3-8433-8026-3 4. Habib, Dr. Md. Mamun, Feasibility Study: Marketing, Financial & Operational Analysis; Private University Establishment Global Context, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany, February, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8433-5479-0 5. Habib, Md. Mamun, Supply Chain Management (SCM): Theory and Evolution Dr. Md. Mamun Habib (Editor), Supply Chain Management Applications and Simulations, InTech Open Access, Croatia, September 2011, ISBN 978-953-307-250-0 6. Habib, Md. Mamun and Goncharuk, Anatoliy, Performance Measurement through Supply Chain Management: A Case Study on Academia, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany, January, 6 2012, ISBN 978-3-8473-7021-5

Rationale
Supply chain management (SCM) is needed for various reasons (Stevenson, 2002)
improving operations better outsourcing increasing profits enhancing customer satisfaction generating quality outcomes tackling competitive pressures increasing globalization increasing importance of E-commerce growing complexity of supply chains

Rationale
Basic Supply Chain (for Manufacturing Industry)

The Basic Supply Chain (Chopra and Meindl, 2001)

Rationale
Basic Supply Chain (for Service Industry)
Supplier Raw Materials Customer Finished Products Consumer

Service Provider

Rationale
Decision Phases of a Supply Chain
Strategy or Design Planning Operation

Level-One

Strategy
Planning Operation

Level-Two Level-Three

10

Rationale
A Comparative Analysis of SCM in Different Arenas

Most supply chain management (SCM) literature focuses on the manufacturing industry Only little literature on SCM in the service industry Very few research papers on SCM in the academia
11

Research Objectives
To depict a holistic view, comprising inputs, the process, and outputs of the educational supply chain To develop an integrated supply chain for the universities

To develop a model of supply chain management for tertiary educational institutions

12

Significance
Educational supply chain management improves the well-being of the end customer or the society. The exploratory study addresses the education supply chain, the research supply chain, and educational management.

The proposed conceptual model for the universities provides a novel approach for decision makers.

13

Scope
The proposed model is applicable only to tertiary educational institutions. Further studies, using data from primary, secondary, as well as other tertiary educational institutions, are required. The validity of the model depends much on the completeness and accuracy of the input data. The proposed model was evaluated conceptually via empirical data.

14

Literature Review
Evolutionary Timeline of SCM

15

Literature Review (Continued)

Main activities in the universities [Habib and Chamnong (2008, 2009,
2010); Lau (2007); OBrian & Kennith (1996)] Education Development (ED) Education Assessment (EA) Research Development (RD) Research Assessment (RA)

Different factors in the universities [Habib and Chamnong (2008, 2009);

Habib (2010, 2011)] Programs Establishment (PE) University Culture (UC) Faculty Capabilities (FC) Facilities (FA)
16

Research Methodology
An empirical research

Survey Research Technique

Sample Size: 493 Respondents Respondents: All stakeholders, representing university administrators, faculty, staffs, employers and graduates Sampling Procedure: Non-probability sampling (Judgment sampling)

17

Research Methodology (Continued)

Respondents Questionnaire Procedure Email University Administrators Self-Administered Email Faculty Members Self-Administered No. of Respondents 48 24 41 23 64 72 Total No. of Respondents

Email
University Staff Self-Administered Email Employers Self-Administered Email Graduates Self-Administered

9
29 0 153 8 158 166 493 153 38

18

Research Methodology (Continued)

Reliability: Internal Consistent Reliability Coefficient, Cronbachs Alpha is 0.961
Validity: Validated through survey data from leading tertiary educational institutions around the world Questionnaire: Close-ended Measurement Scale: Five-point Likert Scale (Interval Scale) Operational Component : Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) Analysis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques through AMOS

19

Model Development
Theoretical Frameworks
OBrien and Kenneth (1996) reported the results from a survey conducted among students and employers.

Lau (2007) performed an in-depth case study approach to developing an educational supply chain as the student and the research supply chain for the City University of Hong Kong.

20

Model Development (Continued)

Model consists of the educational supply chain and educational management

Model was developed based on the analysis of literature, past theoretical frameworks, interviews with stakeholders
The resulting model was subsequently evaluated for accuracy and validity by MLR analysis and SEM technique through AMOS

21

Model Development (Continued)

Holistic View of Educational Supply Chain
Supplied Inputs (Raw Materials)
Internal & External Projects

Process

Supplied Outputs (Finished Products)

Research Outcomes

Consumer

University
Students

Society
Graduates

22

Model Development (Continued)

Simplified Form of Supply Chain Management for the Universities
Service Provider (University)

Suppliers
Supplied Inputs

- Education Suppliers - Research Suppliers

Raw Materials

Education - Development - Assessment Research

- Development - Assessment

Customer Supplying I/P

Customers
Education Customers Supplied Outputs

Consumer
Society

Customer Consuming O/P

Finished Research Customers Products

23

Model Development (Continued)

An Integrated Supply Chain for the Universities
Education Suppliers Students
ation Educ ment elop Dev Educ Asse ation s s me nt

Education Supply Chain

Graduates
Education Customers

Society
Research Customers

Research Outcomes
Res D e ve e a r ch lopm ent

a r ch R e s e me n t e ss Ass

Research Projects Research Suppliers

Research Supply Chain Supplied Output Customers Consumer

Suppliers Supplied Input University (Process)

24

Model Development (Continued)

Suppliers of the Universities

Suppliers

Education Suppliers

Research Suppliers

25

Model Development (Continued)

Customers of the Universities

Customers

Education Customers

Research Customers

26

ITESCM Model Development (Continued)

Three decision levels in the Universities
Society University

Strategic Level Planning Level

Phase - 1 Phase - 2 Phase - 3

Operating Level

Graduates

Research Outcomes

27

Model Development (Continued)

Final Outcomes
1. Graduates with Desirable Quality a) Graduates Benchmarking b) Graduates Value Enhancement

2. Quality Research Outcomes Problem solution, pure theory, internal and external projects applications, thesis findings, research publications, or research findings, etc.

28

Model Development (Continued)

Education Supply Chain Education Suppliers
Students

Research Supply Chain Research Suppliers

Research Projects

University E E E E E E E E R R R R R R R R D D D D A A A A A A A A D D D D PE UC FC FA PE UC FC FA PE UC FC FA PE UC FC FA SL SL SL SL SL SL SL SL SL SL SL SL SL SL SL SL E E E E E E E E R R R R R R R R D D D D A A A A A A A A D D D D PE UC FC FA PE UC FC FA PE UC FC FA PE UC FC FA PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL E E E E E E E E R R R R R R R R D D D D A A A A A A A A D D D D PE UC FC FA PE UC FC FA PE UC FC FA PE UC FC FA OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL OL
Graduates Research Outcomes

Education Customers

Research Customers

Society
E R D A Education Research Development Assessment SL PL OL Strategic Level Planning Level Operating Level PE UC FC FA Programs Establishment University Culture Faculty Capabilities Facilities

29

ITESCM Model Development (Continued)

ITESCM Model for Research Hypotheses
Education Supply Chain Education
Development PE
SL PL OL SL PL OL SL PL OL SL PL OL Education Suppliers Research Suppliers

Research Supply Chain Research

Development

H1 H17 H18
PE

H3

SL PL OL SL PL OL SL PL OL SL PL OL

UC

H9

Students

Research Projects

H11

UC

FC

FC

FA

Supplied Inputs H10 H14

H12

FA

H13
PE
SL PL OL SL PL OL

H15 H5 Supplied Outputs H7

PE
SL PL OL SL PL OL SL PL OL SL PL OL

H16

UC

UC
Graduates

FC

SL PL OL SL PL OL

H6

Research Outcomes

H8

FC

FA

FA

H19 H2
Education Customers

H20
Research Customers

Assessment

Assessment

H4

H21 Society SL PL OL Strategic Level Planning Level Operating Level

H22

PE UC FC FA

Programs Establishment University Culture Faculty Capabilities Facilities

30

MODEL EVALUATION Pre-test

Regional Comparisons among Respondents

31

Demography of Expert Respondents

Pre-test
Country USA USA Canada New Zealand Norway Hong Kong Hong Kong Thailand U.K U.K U.K India Thailand Thailand Thailand Singapore USA Australia USA Denmark Ireland Chile Finland Japan USA Respondents Dr. George M. Dennison Dr. Robert J. Birgeneau Dr. Peter George Dr. Ian Town Dr. Sigmund Grnmo Dr. Timothy W. Tong Dr. Frank Fu Hoo Kin Dr. Bro. Bancha Saenghiran Dr. Mohammed Abul Lais Sahana Lais Salim Islam Dr. Kamatam Krishnaiah Dr. Said Irandoust Dr. Ismail Ali Said Dr. Kitti Phothikitti Dr. Cheong Hee Kiat Dr. James Ramsey Dr. Graham Webb Dr. Mohammad Qayoumi Dr. Finn Junge-Jensen Dr. James J. Browne Dr. Maria del Valle Kirsi Moisander Associate Prof. Seiji Kakei Dr. Beheruz N. Sethna University Name University of Montana University of California Berkeley McMaster University University of Canterbury University of Bergen Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Baptist University Assumption University University College London University of East London City University Indian Institute of Technology Madras Asian Institue of Technology Assumption University Assumption University Singapore Institute of Management University of Louisville University of New England California State University, East Bay Copenhagen Business School National University of Ireland Galway University of Concepcion University of Kuopio NIhon University State University of West Georgia Region/Contine nt Americas Americas Americas Asia/Pac Europe Asia/Pac Asia/Pac Asia/Pac Europe Europe Europe Asia/Pac Asia/Pac Asia/Pac Asia/Pac Asia/Pac Americas Asia/Pac Americas Europe Eupore Americas Europe Asia/Pac Americas Position President Chancellor President & Vice Chancellor Deputy Vice Chancellor Rector President Associate Vice-President President Researcher Project Co-ordinator International Admission Officer Dean President Program Director Dean President President Deputy Vice-Chancellor President President President Assistant Dean Head of Strategic, Plan. and Dev. Assoc. Prof., College of Int. Relat. President Range of St. Population 10,001 - 20,000 More than 20,000 More than 20,000 10,001 - 20,000 10,001-20,000 More than 20,000 5,001 -10,000 10,001-20,000 More than 20,000 5,001 -10,000 More than 20,000 5,001 - 10,000 5000 or less 10,001-20,000 10,001-20,000 5,001 -10,000 More than 20,000 10,001-20,000 10,001-20,000 10,001-20,000 10,001-20,000 10,001-20,000 5,001-10,000 More than 20,000 10,001-20,000 Type of University Research Research Research Reseach Research Vocation Research Research Research Vocation & Research Vocation & Research Research Others World Rank 423 World Rank 4 World Rank 229 World Rank 611 World Rank 135 World Rank 439 World Rank 520 World Rank 51 World Rank 1362 World Rank 637 World Rank 910 World Rank 1057

Vocation & Research World Rank 1220

Vocation & Research World Rank 1220 Vocation & Research World Rank 1220 Vocation Reseach Research Vocation Research Research Research Research Research Research World Rank 1970 World Rank 479 World Rank 663 World Rank 1707 World Rank 882 World Rank 775 World Rank 523 World Rank 858 World Rank 803 World Rank 856

32

Demography of Expert Respondents (Continued)

Pre-test
Country South Africa U.K Australia Latvia USA Taiwan Romania Canada USA

Respondents Prof Julian Smith Professor Gerald Bennett Dr. Stephen Weller Indra Dedze Dr. Kim Black Dr. Yu-Cheng Lee Dr. Dumitru Miron Dr. Don O'Leary Dr. J. Michael Adams

University Name Stellenbosch University University of Wolverhampton Victoria University University of Latvia University of Northern Colorado Chung Hua University Bucharest University of Economics Trent University Fairleigh Dickinson University

Region/Co ntinent Africa Europe Asia/Pac Europe Americas Asia/Pac Europe Americas Americas

Position Vice-Rector Pro-Vice-Chancellor Pro-Vice-Chancellor Project Manager Director of Assessment Professor and Chairman Vice-rector Vice President, Admin President

Range of St. Population More than 20,000 More than 20,000 More than 20,000 More than 20,000 10,001-20,000 5,001-10,000 More than 20,000 5,001-10,000 10,001-20,000

Type of University Research Vocation Vocation & Research Research Research Research Research Vocation Research

Others World Rank 697 World Rank 698 World Rank 699 World Rank 700 World Rank 701 World Rank 702 World Rank 703 World Rank 704 World Rank 705

Professor Sir Roderick Floud

Prof.Ion Gh. ROSCA Prof. Gino Ferretti Dr.Timothy Law Snyder Dr. G. Daniel Howard Dr. Bryce Mason Dr.Johannes Egger Prof. Ing. Jn Supuka Dr. Semlinger Prof. Helen Higson Dr. Hafiz G.A.Siddiqi Dr. Bazlul Mobin Chowdhury Dr. M.Rezwan Khan Prof. Dr. S.K.Biswas Prof. Dr. Anwarullah Chowdhury Dr. Abdul Hannan Chow. Prof. Dr. Habibur Rahman Dr. Ali Asgar Dr. Enamul Huq Dr. Khasro Miah

School of Ad. Study Univ. of London

Academy of Econ. Studies Bucharest Universit degli Studi di Parma Loyola College in Maryland,Washington State University, Arkansas Loyola Marymount Univ.,California Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Slovak Univ. of Agriculture in Nitra University of Applied Sciences, Berlin Aston University, Birmingham North South University United International University Chittagong Univ. of Science & Tech. Green University of Bangladesh North South University Green University of Bangladesh Bangladesh Univer. of Science & Tech. Bangladesh Univer. of Science & Tech. North South University

U.K
Romania Italy USA USA USA Italy Slovakia Germany U.K Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh Bangladesh

Europe
Europe Europe Americas Americas Europe Europe Europe Europe Asia/Pac Asia/Pac Asia/Pac Asia/Pac Asia/Pac Asia/Pac Asia/Pac Asia/Pac Asia/Pac Asia/Pac

Dean
Rector Rector Vice President, Academic Senior Associate Vice Chancellor President Vice Rector for Science & Res. Vice-president Pro-V.C for External Relations Vice-Chancellor Vice-Chancellor Vice-Chancellor Vice Chancellor Vice Chancellor Program Director Professor Dean Dean Associate Professor

5000 or less
More than 20,000 More than 20,001 5001 to 10,000 10,001-20,000 5001 to 10,000 5000 or less 5001 to 10,000 More than 20,000 5001 to 10,000 5,001 -10,000 5000 or less 5000 or less 5000 or less 5000 or less 5,001 -10,000 5001 or less 5,001 - 10,000 5,001 - 10,000 5,001 -10,000

Reseach
Research Research Vocation & Research Research Vocation & Research Research Research Vocation Research Vocation Vocation & Research Vocation Vocation Vocation & Research Vocation Vocation & Research Vocation & Research Vocation & Research Vocation

World Rank 706

World Rank 707 World Rank 708 World Rank 709 World Rank 710 World Rank 711 World Rank 712 World Rank 713 World Rank 714 World Rank 715

Americas Director of Institutional Research

Independent University of Bangladesh Bangladesh

33

MODEL EVALUATION (Continued) Pre-test

Administrative Positions of the Respondents

34

MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

Full-launch Types of Large Scale Respondents

35

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued) Full-launch

Percentage of Usable Surveys

36

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

AMOS Graphics Output of Model 1 (Education Development)
.27

error 1 error 2

SL_PE_D_ED
.24

.52 .49 .21 .46

PL_PE_D_ED

Sub Group 1

error 3

OL_PE_D_ED
.39 .83

error 4 error 5

SL_UC_D_ED
.63 .34 .59 .32 .57 .66 .79

PL_UC_D_ED

Sub Group 2

error 6 error 7 error 8

OL_UC_D_ED
.33 .75 .58 .40

SL_FC_D_ED
.63 .36 .60

PL_FC_D_ED

Sub Group 3

.73

error 9

OL_FC_D_ED
.30 .70

error 10 error 11

SL_FA_D_ED
.55 .29 .54 .25 .50

PL_FA_D_ED

Sub Group 4

error 12

OL_FA_D_ED

37

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

MLR Equations of Model 1 (Education Development)

Prog. Estab_ED_DEV = 0.52 (SL_PE_D_ED) + 0.49 (PL_PE_D_ED) + 0.46 (OL_PE_D_ED) Univ. Cult_ED_DEV = 0.63 (SL_UC_D_ED) + 0.59 (PL_UC_D_ED) + 0.57 (OL_UC_D_ED) Fac. Capab_ED_DEV = 0.58 (SL_FC_D_ED) + 0.63 (PL_FC_D_ED) + 0.60 (OL_FC_D_ED) Facilities_ED_DEV = 0.55 (SL_FA_D_ED) + 0.54 (PL_FA_D_ED) + 0.50 (OL_FA_D_ED)

ED_DEV = 0.63 (Prog. Estab_ED_DEV) + 0.70 (Univ. Cult_ED_DEV) + 0.65 (Fac. Capab_ED_DEV) + 0.63 (Facilities_ED_DEV)

38

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

AMOS Graphics Output of Model 2 (Education Assessment)
.41

error 13

SL_PE_A_ED
.32

.64 .57 .31 .56

error 14

PL_PE_A_ED

Sub Group 5

error 15

OL_PE_A_ED
.37 .86

error 16

SL_UC_A_ED
.36

.60 .60 .30 .55 .69 .82

error 17

PL_UC_A_ED

Sub Group 6

error 18 error 19

OL_UC_A_ED
.24 .93 .49 .26 .51 .23 .48

SL_FC_A_ED PL_FC_A_ED

error 20

Sub Group 7

.76

error 21

OL_FC_A_ED
.39 .81

error 22

SL_FA_A_ED
.36

.63 .60 .34 .58

error 23

PL_FA_A_ED

Sub Group 8

error 24

OL_FA_A_ED

39

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

MLR Equations of Model 2 (Education Assessment)

Prog. Estab_ED_ASS = 0.64 (SL_PE_A_ED) + 0.57 (PL_PE_A_ED) + 0.56 (OL_PE_A_ED) Univ. Cult_ED_ASS = 0.60 (SL_UC_A_ED) + 0.60 (PL_UC_A_ED) + 0.55 (OL_UC_A_ED) Fac. Capab_ED_ASS = 0.49 (SL_FC_A_ED) + 0.51 (PL_FC_A_ED) + 0.48 (OL_FC_A_ED) Facilities_ED_ASS = 0.63 (SL_FA_A_ED) + 0.60 (PL_FA_A_ED) + 0.58 (OL_FA_A_ED)

ED_ASS = 0.68 (Prog. Estab_ED_ASS) + 0.74 (Univ. Cult_ED_ASS) + 0.69 (Fac. Capab_ED_ASS) + 0.66 (Facilities_ED_ASS)

40

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

AMOS Graphics Output and MLR Equations of Model 3 (Graduates)
.39

err 25 err 26 err 27 err 28

Sub Group 1
.49

.63 .70 .94

err 33

Sub Group 2
.42

Sub Group 3
.39 .63

.65

Group 1
.97

Sub Group 4
.46

Graduates
.68 .74

err 29 err 30 err 31 err 32

Sub Group 5
.54

Sub Group 6
.47

.84

.69 .66

Group 2

Sub Group 7
.44

Sub Group 8

err 34

Graduates = 0.97 ED_DEV + 0.92 ED_ASS

Graduates = 0.61 (Prog. Estab_ED_DEV) + 0.68 (Univ. Cult_ED_DEV) + 0.63 (Fac. Capab_ED_DEV) + 0.61 (Facilities_ED_DEV) + 0.63 (Prog. Estab_ED_ASS) + 0.68 (Univ. Cult_ED_ASS) + 0.63 (Fac. Capab_ED_ASS) + 0.61 (Facilities_ED_ASS)
41

.92

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

AMOS Graphics Output of Model 4 (Research Development)
.35

error 35

SL_PE_D_RE
.22

.59 .47 .25 .50

error 36

PL_PE_D_RE

Sub Group 9

error 37

OL_PE_D_RE
.80 .41

error 38

SL_UC_D_RE
.64 .38 .58 .61 .38 .62 .63

error 39

PL_UC_D_RE

Sub Group 10

error 40 error 41

OL_UC_D_RE
.43 .65 .66 .38 .62 .42 .65

SL_FC_D_RE PL_FC_D_RE

error 42

Sub Group 11

.69

error 43

OL_FC_D_RE
.39 .69 .63 .63 .39 .63

error 44

SL_FA_D_RE
.39

error 45

PL_FA_D_RE

Sub Group 12

error 46

OL_FA_D_RE

42

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

MLR Equations of Model 4 (Research Development)

Prog. Estab_RE_DEV = 0.59 (SL_PE_D_RE) + 0.47 (PL_PE_D_RE) + 0.50 (OL_PE_D_RE)

Univ. Cult_RE_DEV = 0.64 (SL_UC_D_RE) + 0.61 (PL_UC_D_RE) + 0.62 (OL_UC_D_RE) Fac. Capab_RE_DEV = 0.66 (SL_FC_D_RE) + 0.62 (PL_FC_D_RE) + 0.65 (OL_FC_D_RE) Facilities_RE_DEV = 0.63 (SL_FA_D_RE) + 0.63 (PL_FA_D_RE) + 0.63 (OL_FA_D_RE)

RES_DEV = 0.60 (Prog. Estab_RE_DEV) + 0.71 (Univ. Cult_RE_DEV) + 0.63 (Fac. Capab_RE_DEV) + 0.67 (Facilities_RE_DEV)

43

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

AMOS Graphics Output of Model 5 (Research Assessment)
.42 error 47

SL_PE_A_RE
.36 .64 .60 .44 .67

error 48

PL_PE_A_RE

Sub Group 13

error 49

OL_PE_A_RE
.44 .77 .66 .63 .42 .65 .76 .53 .65 .39 .62 .67

error 50

SL_UC_A_RE
.40

error 51

PL_UC_A_RE

Sub Group 14

.77

error 52 error 53

OL_UC_A_RE
.29

SL_FC_A_RE
.43

error 54

PL_FC_A_RE

Sub Group 15

.78

error 55

OL_FC_A_RE
.28 .86 .53 .68 .28 .53

error 56

SL_FA_A_RE
.46

error 57

PL_FA_A_RE

Sub Group 16

error 58

OL_FA_A_RE

44

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

MLR Equations of Model 5 (Research Assessment)

Prog. Estab_RE_ASS = 0.64 (SL_PE_A_RE) + 0.60 (PL_PE_A_RE) + 0.67 (OL_PE_A_RE)

Univ. Cult_RE_ASS = 0.66 (SL_UC_A_RE) + 0.63 (PL_UC_A_RE) + 0.65 (OL_UC_A_RE) Fac. Capab_RE_ASS = 0.53 (SL_FC_A_RE) + 0.65 (PL_FC_A_RE) + 0.62 (OL_FC_A_RE) Facilities_RE_ASS = 0.53 (SL_FA_A_RE) + 0.68 (PL_FA_A_RE) + 0.53 (OL_FA_A_RE)

RES_ASS = 0.67 (Prog. Estab_RE_ASS) + 0.72 (Univ. Cult_RE_ASS) + 0.74 (Fac. Capab_RE_ASS) + 0.69 (Facilities_RE_ASS)

45

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

AMOS Graphics Output and MLR Equations of Model 6 (Research Outcomes)
.36

err 67

Sub Group 9
.51

.60 .71

err 68

Sub Group 10
.40

.98 Group 3

err 75

err 69
err 70

Sub Group 11
.45

.63 .67

.99

Sub Group 12 Research Outcomes

.52

.46

err 71

Sub Group 13 .67 Sub Group 14

.54

err 72 err 73 err 74

.72
.74 .69

.79 Group 4

.89

Sub Group 15
.47

Sub Group 16

err 76

Research Outcomes = 0.99 RES_DEV + 0.89 RES_ASS

Research Outcomes = 0.59 (Prog. Estab_RE_DEV) + 0.70 (Univ. Cult_RE_DEV) + 0.62 (Fac. Capab_RE_DEV) + 0.66 (Facilities_RE_DEV) + 0.60 (Prog. Estab_RE_ASS) + 0.64 (Univ. Cult_RE_ASS) + 0.66 (Fac. Capab_RE_ASS) + 0.61 (Facilities_RE_ASS)
46

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

AMOS Graphics Output and MLR Equations of Model 7 (Supplied Inputs)

ERR 4 .02 ERR 1 ED_SUPP .13 ST .17 .41 University ERR 2 .05 RE_SUPP .15 .23 RE_PROJ .38

ERR 5

University = 0.41 ST + 0.38 RE_PROJ University = 0.05 ED_SUPP + 0.09 RE_SUPP

47

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

AMOS Graphics Output and MLR Equations of Model 8 (Supplied Outputs)
ERR 4

.11 .34
ERR 1

.37

GRAD

ED_CUS

.61

.02
ERR 2

.15

.36

.61

Society

RE_OUT

RE_CUS

ERR 5

Society = 0.61 ED_CUS + 0.61 RE_CUS Society = 0.21 Grad + 0.09 RE_OUT Society = 0.20 ED_DEV + 0.19 ED_ASS + 0.09 RE_DEV + 0.08 RE_ASS
Society = 0.126 (Prog. Estab_ED_DEV) + 0.14 (Univ. Cult_ED_DEV) + 0.13 (Fac. Capab_ED_DEV)+ 0.126 (Facilities_ED_DEV) + 0.129 (Prog. Estab_ED_ASS) + 0.141 (Univ. Cult_ED_ASS)+ 0.131 (Fac. Capab_ED_ASS) + 0.125 (Facilities_ED_ASS) + 0.054 (Prog. Estab_RE_DEV)+ 0.064 (Univ. Cult_RE_DEV) + 0.057 (Fac. Capab_RE_DEV) + 0.06 (Facilities_RE_DEV) + 0.054 (Prog. Estab_RE_ASS) + 0.058 (Univ. Cult_RE_ASS) + 0.059 (Fac. Capab_RE_ASS) + 0.055 (Facilities_RE_ASS) 48

MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

AMOS Graphics Output of Overall Model
err_m err_l

ED_SUPP
.13

RE_SUPP
.23

err_a err_c
.04 .03

err_b err_d
.08

ST

RE_PROJ

ED_DEV
.11 .38

.05

RE_DEV
.06 .50

ED_ASS
.11

.06

.11

RE_ASS
.06

err_e GRAD RE_OUT

.15

err_f

err_g
.34

err_h

ED_CUS

RE_CUS
.53 .53

err_i

err_j

Society

err_k

Model Fit Index: CFI = 0.509, GFI = 0.863, CMIN/DF = 8.751

49

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

Highest Modification Indices (MI) in Overall Model
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 RE_ASS <--ED_ASS RE_DEV <--ED_ASS ED_CUS <--RE_CUS RE_CUS <--ED_CUS RE_SUPP <--RE_CUS RE_SUPP <--GRAD RE_SUPP <--RE_OUT RE_DEV <--ED_DEV RE_ASS <--ED_DEV

50

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

AMOS Graphics Output of Updated Model I
err_m err_l

ED_SUPP .13 err_a err_c .04 ED_DEV .03 .40 ED_ASS .12 err_e GRAD err_g .34 .06 .02 .30 .32 ST

RE_SUPP .23 err_b err_d .08 .05 RE_DEV

RE_PROJ

.06
.11 .06 err_f RE_OUT .15 err_h RE_ASS

.50

ED_CUS err_i .53

RE_CUS .53 err_j

Society

err_k

Model Fit Index: CFI = 0.704, GFI = 0.903, CMIN/DF = 5.861

51

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

AMOS Graphics Output of Updated Model II
err_l err_m ED_SUPP .13 err_a err_c ST .04 .05 ED_DEV .03 .40 .06 .12 err_e err_g GRAD .36 RE_OUT .07 err_h .02 .30 .32 .11 .06 err_f RE_PROJ

RE_SUPP .23

err_b
err_d .08 RE_DEV .06 RE_ASS .50

ED_ASS

.46
ED_CUS err_i .48 -.12 RE_CUS .49 err_j

Society

err_k

Model Fit Index: CFI = 0.781, GFI = 0.926, CMIN/DF = 4.733

There is an insignificant relationship between RE_CUS and ED_CUS at the level 0.05 (two-tailed), we can remove this relationship and we will get the following

Model Fit Index: CFI = 0.782, GFI = 0.925, CMIN/DF = 4.648

52

ITESCM MODEL EVALUATION (Continued)

AMOS Graphics Output of Updated Model III
err_l ED_SUPP
.13

err_m

RE_SUPP
.23

err_a err_c ED_DEV

.03 .38

err_b
.08

ST
.03 .02 .14 .23 .31 .32 .09 .06

RE_PROJ
.23 .10

err_d RE_DEV
.06 .50

.05 .08

ED_ASS err_e err_g GRAD

.34

RE_ASS
.20 .05

err_f RE_OUT
.05 .31

err_h

ED_CUS err_i
.49

RE_CUS
.49

err_j
err_k

Society

Model Fit Index: CFI = 0.908, GFI = 0.958, CMIN/DF = 2.864

53

Application Guidelines from Research Findings Ranked Order of Significant Aspects in ITESCM ITESCM Aspect
Univ. Cult_ED_ASS Univ. Cult_ED_DEV Fac. Capab_ED_ASS Fac. Capab_ED_DEV Prog. Estab_ED_ASS Prog. Estab_ED_DEV Facilities_ED_DEV Facilities_ED_ASS Univ. Cult_RE_DEV Facilities_RE_DEV Fac. Capab_RE_ASS Univ. Cult_RE_ASS Fac. Capab_RE_DEV Facilities_RE_ASS Prog. Estab_RE_DEV Prog. Estab_RE_ASS

Regression Coefficient 0.141 0.14 0.131 0.13 0.129 0.126 0.126 0.125 0.064 0.06 0.059 0.058 0.057 0.055 0.054 0.054

54

Application Guidelines from Research Findings

Univ. Cult_ED_ASS Univ. Cult_ED_DEV

0.141 0.14

Good governance would be highly recommended for the universities. To foster good governance in the tertiary educational institutions, selection of key executives is very important.

55

Application Guidelines from Research Findings

(Continued)

Fac. Capab_ED_ASS Fac. Capab_ED_DEV

0.131 0.13

Faculty members recruitment is the key factor in the universities to produce quality graduates.

56

Application Guidelines from Research Findings (Continued)

Prog. Estab_ED_ASS Prog. Estab_ED_DEV

0.129 0.126

Different programs establishment in the universities depends on the demand of the society. Universitys quality assurance center would assess the quality of the graduates in terms of performance indicators.

57

Application Guidelines from Research Findings (Continued)

Facilities_ED_DEV Facilities_ED_ASS

0.126 0.125

University must ensure the modern teaching facilities for the students. Teaching based universities must have reviewed their students research involvements.

58

Application Guidelines from Research Findings (Continued)

Univ. Cult_RE_DEV Facilities_RE_DEV Fac. Capab_RE_ASS Univ. Cult_RE_ASS Fac. Capab_RE_DEV Facilities_RE_ASS Prog. Estab_RE_DEV Prog. Estab_RE_ASS

0.064 0.06 0.059 0.058 0.057 0.055 0.054 0.054

Universities must set up research center to coordinate the different entities in the research supply chain. University management must provide all facilities for the research projects and engage those faculty members who have expertise in research.
59

Conclusions
This research represents the first large scale empirical study that systematically investigate input of the university, output of the university through educational supply chain management. This model furnishes stakeholders of the supply chain with appropriate strategies to review and appraise their performance toward fulfillment of ultimate goals.

60

Conclusions (Continued)
This model provides two contributions to the end customer, i.e. the society, including human resource contribution and research contribution. Well-being society would be possible if we could produce quality graduates and quality research outcomes by implementing proper manage the educational supply chain for the universities from the raw materials to finished products.

61

Recommendations

Model evaluation by actual implementation is suggested for prospective investors or current university administrators. The current decision makers who need to improve their management can apply the research equations of educational supply chain management model to their universities.

62

Recommendations (Continued)

This model is applicable for those universities that have teaching and research. Therefore, only research based universities deserve further study. There are other possibilities for further research regarding thoroughly analyzed of suppliers, customers, and the end customer, i.e. the consumer of this model.

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Questions & Answers

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION !

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