Electrochemical Reaction

Agathe edit Master subtitle style Click to Maillard 05.03.2012 Mr. Lux 10 - C

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Electrochemical Reactions
Electrochemical Reactions take place in every

battery.

Chemistry:
2 electrodes (anode (-) + cathode (+)) are separated by a separator, the electrolyte allows the charge to flow between the 2 electrodes, the collector releases the charge. Redox reactions take place in between the 2 electrodes, allowing one to lose electrons by oxidation and becoming a reductant and other to gain by reduction + and becoming a oxidant, producing energy.

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anod e

separat or

cathod e

(http://www.dylanblog.co

History of Batteries
In 1938, Wilhelm Konig, a german archaeologist discovered in Khujut

Rabu (Baghdad, Iraq), jars containing iron rods encased copper, which were from 200 B.C.

Voltaic Pile, Italian physicists Alessandro Volta, in 1799. Daniell Cell, English chemist John Frederick Daniell, in 1836. In 1898, the Columbian Dry cell.

(http://electronics.howstuffworks.co

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(http://electronics.howstuffworks.co

Types of Battery
Recharge

able

Zinc Carbon Battery:

Anode: Zinc Cathode: Manganese

Lithium-ion Battery:
Anode: Carbon Cathode: Lithium

dioxide
Electrolyte:

cobalt oxide
1.7 volts

Ammonium chloride or Zinc chloride

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1.5 volts

Expensive

Economy
3 billions dry cells batteries every year in the

US.

(Marshall Brain, Charles W. Bryant and Clint Pumphrey)

20 billions batteries worldwide. An average American uses 27 batteries

annually. (madehow)
125 companies, which manufacture batteries

in the US.

Total annual revenue is $8 billion.

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8 largest companies account about 75% of total

revenue.

Environment
Mercury in Alkaline Batteries.
Mercury was added to batteries in the 1980s. Mercury came with Zinc one of the electrodes. Battery contained 5-7% mercury. Used in batteries to prevent corrosion and aid

conductivity.
Mercury was classifies as an environmnatal

hazard.
By 1993, no batteries can be found with over 1%

of mercury (0.025%)

(madehow) 5/16/12

http://periodictable.com/Samples/080.14/s9s.JPG

Environment
Lithium mining. the new copper

One of the lightest and soft metal and less dense solid element.

Used during the 2nd World War as an additive

to nuclear bombs and explosives.

Scientists

discovered the possible use of lithium: medical implements, electronics and batteries.

Increase of lithium use in batteries by 22%

between 2000 and 2008.

http://periodictable.com/Samples/003.3/s9s.JPG While mining, lithium flows into basins and

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Conclusion
Today, many scientists and engineers are

looking very closely at batteries and their purpose, trying to innovate and improve that technology. the inefficiency of batteries, control and storage of electricity.

Many technologies are held back because of

I predict, that very quickly we will improve

batteries, making them more efficient and practical.

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Bibliographie
Brain, Marshall, Charles W. Bryant, and Clint

Pumphrey. HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks. Web. 04 Mar. 2012. <http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/everyd ay-tech/battery.htm>. DylanBlog.com. DylanBlog.com, 18 Mar. 2010. Web. 04 Mar. 2012. <http://www.dylanblog.com/2010/03/18/ipadbattery-replacement-service/>.

Daniele. "IPad Battery Replacement Service."

"Chemistry of Batteries." Welcome to

Waterloo Science. Www.science.uwaterloo.ca. 5/16/12 Web. 4 Mar. 2012.