BY :Shivangi Sharma

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is great pleasure to present this report on the project title Unemployment undertaken by me as part of my Diploma In Library Science curriculum. I am thankful to my Institute for offering me such a wonderful challenging opportunity and I express my deepest thanks to all , for providing all the possible help and assistance and their constant encouragement. I would like thanking my project Guide for his comments and suggestions that have been helpful in developing this project. Thanks for all over completion of this project. It is with great sense of satisfaction that I present my real venture in practical computing in the form of project work. I wish to express my heartfelt thanks to all who assisted me during this project.

Shivangi Sharma

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Unemployment Its

Types State wise Analysis Estimated Population Urban Educated Face Rising Unemployment Important Facts Cause Of Unemployment How to Remove Bibliography

Unemployment is defined as a situation where some one of working age (1559)is not able to get a job but would like to be in full time employment.

CYCLIC

UNEMPLOYMENT STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT VOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT

 This

type of unemployment is consistent with the trade cycle. When the economy is in its boom phase, there is a reduction in the unemployment. Conversely, when is passes through the recessionary phase, unemployment rate rises.

 Structural

employment occurs due to a change in the composition of some industries. Technological progress may make an industry capital intensive from a purely labor intensive one. The release in labor from such an industry gives rise to the problem of unemployment.

 This

is when people are unable to work because there are sufficient jobs are available in an economy. For example, during a great depression. Involuntary unemployment says that people are unemployed for a lack of aggregate demand..

 This

is a type of unemployment that occurs when those who are able and willing to contribute economys production of a country but prefer not to produce.

 Frictional

unemployment occurs when an individual is between two jobs, i.e. He has lost one job and is searching for the other.

state-wise analysis of the trend reveals states such as Goa have the highest unemployment rates of 11.4%, followed by Kerala at 9.1%. While on the other hand states which enjoy the lowest unemployment rates, are Uttaranchal and Chhattisgarh- 0.5% and 0.8%, respectively.

According to the figure the population of the India is 1182 million with 63.5% in the working age of 15-59 years, however, not everyone who is in the working age is interested in joining the work force, so the worker population ratio is much lower. Out of the total population. Of the states\UTs coverded,872 million persons(73.8%) live in rural areas and 310 million persons (26.2%) live in urban areas

 At

present the nature of unemployment in India is changing. Today, unemployment rates are much higher among educated individuals. Within this category the largest chunk comes from Urban India. The proportion of self employment goes, in the range of 30-70%, depending on states. Self employment is high in less developed states.

 On

the basis of labor force unemployment is 9.4%, it is split out as 10.1% in rural areas and 7.3% in Urban areas. The unemployment rates of 9.4% means that out of those 359 persons per thousand, or 424 million people- there are 9.4% or about 40 million who were unemployed. For males, the unemployment rates is 8%, where as for females the unemployment rate is 14.6%. The rural unemployment rate is 10.1 and the Urban unemployment rate stand 7.3%

Rapid population growth: It is the leading cause of unemployment in rural India. In India, particularly rural areas, the population is increasing rapidly. It has adversely affected the unemployment situation as, the growth of population directly encouraged the unemployment by making large edition to labor force. Limited land: Land is constant and cannot expand like population growth since, India population increasing rapidly, therefore, the land is not sufficient for the growing population. Land is very limited in comparison to population. It creates the unemployment situation for a large number of persons who depend on agriculture in rural areas.

Seasonal agriculture: Agriculture in India is basically a seasonal affair it provides employment facilities to the rural peoples only in the particular season of the year for example, during the sowing and harvesting period, people are fully employed and the period between the post harvest and before the next sowing they remain unemployed. Decline of cottage industries: In rural India, village of cottage industries are the only mans of employment particularly of the landless people. Now a days, these are adversely affected by the industrialization process it is found that they cannot compete with modern factories in matter of production as the result , the people who work the cottage industries remain unemployed.

 Defective

education: The present educational system is not job oriented, it is degree oriented. It is defective on the ground that is more general then the vocational. Thus, the people who have getting general education are unable to do any work. They are to be called as good for nothing in the ground that they cannot have any job here. It leads to unemployment as well as under employment.

Population control: There is no second opinion to say that population in India is rising at a very high speed. Unless this problem is not checked, the problem of unemployment cannot be solved properly. Re-orientation of Education System: There must be vocationalisation of education. Proper education should be imparted to the younger men who will be in position to start certain cottage and small scale industries of their own choice especially at village level.

Rapid Industrialization: To solve the problem of industrial unemployment, remedy lies in stepping up industrial efficiency. It means that the expansion of existing and the development of new industries are urgently required. Some basic industries like iron and steel industries, defense, chemical, power general and atomic etc should be setup. Encouragement to Small Enterprises: To provide the opportunity for self employment, small scale industries should be given top priority. They should be provided liberal loans, raw material training facilities and infrastructure and market facilities etc Decentralization: Experience shows that lack of gainful opportunity of employment in villages and small towns has led to the migration of people to metropolitan cities in search of alternative jobs. This has created the problem of over crowdedness and urbanization. Under these circumstances, it is advisable to encourage industries around small towns preferably according to the local environment

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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