Illumination Technology

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Department of Electrical & Electronics Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal

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Introduction
What is the main difference between exterior lighting and interior lighting? What is floodlighting?
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Illumination Technology

Floodlighting
Flooding the monuments, grounds or buildings with the light emitted by several powerful light fittings

Light fittings are called projectors When single luminaire is used for throwing light, term floodlighting
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Purpose

Aesthetic purpose:

Heritage buildings, monuments, statues, religious buildings, canopies ,malls, city functions etc.

Advertisement purpose:

Advertisement Boards, showcases etc.

Commercial purpose:

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Railway yards, car parking area, bus stand, large industrial area, sports ground, construction sites

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Luminance contrast between the object and the surroundings Beam spread of the luminaires polar curve Type of the lamp Position or location of projectors Background luminance Nature of surface to be lit Atmospheric losses

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Factors affecting floodlighting

Light sources used

Halogen lamps
(rating not less than 500W)
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Heat is produced Breaking of glass during raining Thermal shocks Reduced life Poor energy efficiency

Illumination Technology

Problems faced:

Light sources used

High Pressure Sodium Vapour lamps (White Son)
Advantages:

No heat Better luminous efficacy Good life time Better lumen maintenance

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Disadvantage:

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Light sources used

Metal Halide lamps

Very good CRI Tubular and elliptical type used Even though the cost is 2.5 times higher than HPSV, this lamp is

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Illumination Technology

High light output

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Location of floodlighting
We consider 4 cases:

Small buildings Large buildings Monuments and statues Ground surfaces

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Small buildings

Effective display is achieved by illuminating building uniformly Projectors may be placed on roof of neighboring building or on kerbside post Projector distance from the building = not more than 50m

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Large buildings

Will have major set back features nonuniform illumination Projectors may be placed in:

The parapets Hidden within the projecting features of the building On the lintels throwing light upwards

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Average illuminance level ranges from 50

Illumination Technology

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Monuments & statues

Projectors must be located to produce natural soft shadows and promote 3D appearance Good CRI source must be used To get good modeling effect, light should come to several angles NEVER EVER suggest fluorescent lamps

They make surface appear flat

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Ground surfaces

Projectors generally located on the towers of high mast or roofs of adjacent tall buildings High CRI very important No. of towers or poles must be kept minimum to avoid inconvenience to the spectators Probability of glare must be kept minimum Projector are mounted such that they have different angles of tilt w.r.t one

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Types of equipments
Enclosed

Consists of a reflector and a high intensity lamp mounted inside a metal housing and covered with glass or plastic panels or lenses Perfectly sealed and gasketted to prevent the entry of dirt, moisture and dust More accurate beam control, less maintenance and hence higher M.F., more permanence in construction, costlier

Open

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Beam spread at 50% I peak Narrow-beam <20 Medium-beam 20 to 40 Wide-beam >40

Beam spread: The angle in a plane through the beam axis, over which the luminous intensity drops to a stated percentage (usually 50%) of its peak value wt: The solid angle in a plane through the beam axis, over which the luminous intensity drops to a 10% of its

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Illumination Technology

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Beam angle & beam lumens

Design calculations
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E : WLF CU : DF : A :

Recommended surface illuminance : Waste light factor Coefficient of utilization Depreciation factor Area to be flood lit

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Illumination Technology