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Mechanisms
OUTLINE
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compression
cycle
Fatigue occurs even though the maximum stress is lower than the yield stress
= +
4
Fatigue crack initiation in smooth specimen involves the PSB lead to extrusions & intrusions
Crack initiation stage in welded joints is almost negligible due to weld defects and other weld discontinuities in which the crack is favorable to initiate
Fatigue crack propagation can microscopically observed by striation macroscopically by beach mark
be and
Striation is produced by one cycle load Beach mark will be form when there is a variation of load
crack initiation
crack growth
final fracture
FINAL
SIF
REACH
KIC Y ac
D = max - min o It is equal to two times of stress amplitude D = 2a o Mean stress gets
max a min m
time
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FATIGUE TERMINOLOGY
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FATIGUE TESTING
log N = log m log where: N = predicted number of cycles to failure for stress range = stress range m = negative inverse slope of S-N curve log = intercept of log N-axis by S-N curve log = log a 2 slogN where: log a = intercept of mean S-N curve with the log N axis slogN = standard deviation of log N
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SN-CURVE IN AIR
DNV RP C203
DNV RP C203
Table 2-1 S-N curves in air S-N curve N 10 7 cycles m1 B1 B2 C C1 C2 D E F F1 F3 G W1 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
log a
1
N > 10 7 cycles
log a2
Thickness exponent k
m2 = 5.0 17.146 16.856 16.320 16.081 15.835 15.606 15.350 15.091 14.832 14.576 14.330 14.101 106.97 93.59 73.10 65.50 58.48 52.63 46.78 41.52 36.84 32.75 29.24 26.32 0 0 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Structural stress concentration embedded in the detail (S-N class), ref. also equation (2.3.2)
15.117 14.885 12.592 12.449 12.301 12.164 12.010 11.855 11.699 11.546 11.398 11.261
W2
W3 T
3.0
3.0 3.0
11.107
10.970 12.164
13.845
13.617 15.606
23.39
21.05 52.63
0.25
0.25 0.25 for SCF 10.0 0.30 for SCF >10.0
2.25
2.50 1.00
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DNV RP C203
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DNV RP C203
Table 2-2 S-N curves in seawater with cathodic protection S-N curve N 10 6 cycles m1 B1 B2 C C1 C2 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 loga1 14.917 14.685 12.192 12.049 11.901 N > 10 6 cycles Fatigue limit at 10 7 cycles*) Thickness exponent k Stress concentration in the SN detail as derived by the hot spot method
log a
m2= 5.0 17.146 16.856 16.320 16.081 15.835
0 0 0.15
0.15 0.15
D
E F F1 F3 G W1 W2 W3 T *) see also 2.11
3.0
3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0
11.764
11.610 11.455 11.299 11.146 10.998 10.861 10.707 10.570 11.764
15.606
15.350 15.091 14.832 14.576 14.330 14.101 13.845 13.617 15.606
52.63
46.78 41.52 36.84 32.75 29.24 26.32 23.39 21.05 52.63
0.20
0.20 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 for SCF 10.0 0.30 for SCF >10.0
1.00
1.13 1.27 1.43 1.61 1.80 2.00 2.25 2.50 1.00
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DNV RP C203
Table 2-3 S-N curves in seawater for free corrosion S-N curve B1 B2 C C1 C2 D E F F1 F3 G
log a
For all cycles m = 3.0 12.436 12.262 12.115 11.972 11.824 11.687 11.533 11.378 11.222 11.068 10.921
W1
W2 W3 T
10.784
10.630 10.493 11.687
0.25
0.25 0.25 0.25 for SCF 10.0 0.30 for SCF >10.0
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THICKNESS EFFECT
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THICKNESS EFFECT
log N = log K m log((t/tref)k)
where: tref = reference thickness equal 25 mm for welded connections other than tubular joints. For tubular joints the reference thickness is 32 mm. t = thickness through which a crack will most likely grow. t = tref is used for thickness less than tref k = thickness exponent on fatigue strength as given in Table 2-1, Table 2-2 and Table 2-3
Fatigue & Fracture Mechanics (MO-091334)
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DNV RP C203