5 stages of counseling proses

Relationship building
Assessment Goal setting

Intervention
Termination and follow-up

(Cormier & Hackney, 1993)

6 stages of counseling proses

Relationship Building
Assessment and Diagnosis Fomulation of Counseling Goal

Intervention and Problem Solving

Termination and Follow-Up

Research and Evaluation.

(Nystul, M.S, 2006)

5 Tahap Proses Kaunseling

Permulaan dan Kemasukan (Membina

Hubungan Peringkat Penerokaan Peringkat mengenal pasti punca masalah Peringkat Mencari Alternatif (Pemilihan strategi dan mengambil tindakan) Peringkat Penamat dan tindakan susulan. (Mok Soon Sang,2010)

Tahap 1: Relationship Building

Counselor-offered conditions

Empathy, unconditional positive regard,congruence,respect, immediacy,confrontation, concreteness, self-disclosure. Counselor and client-offered conditions.

Stage 2: Assessment & Diagnostic

Can help a counselor develop an in-depth

understanding of a client. Identify mental disorders that required attention. Understanding can facilitate goal setting Suggest types of intervention strategies.

Stage 3: Fomulation of Counseling Goals

Goals function : Motivational, Educational

and Evaluative. (Cormier & Hackney, 1993) Counseling goals as either process or outcome goals 5 types of outcome goals : facilitating behavior change, enhance coping skills, promoting decision making, improving relationships, facilitating the clients potential (George & Cristiani, 1995)

Stage 4: Intervention and Problem Solving.

Determine what intervention strategy to implement

May choose a variety of interventions: Individual/group/family counseling.

Involving client in the proses of selecting

intervention strategies. Counselor provide an overview of different treatment approach available. Describe the role of the counselor and client Identify possible risk and benefit. Estimate the time and the cost of each procedure

PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES

Counseling is a problem solving process so

is focused on helping a client to resolve problems. 6 stage model for problem solving: problem detection; problem definition; identification of alternative solution; decision making; execution and verification. ( Kanfer & Busemeyer, 1982)

4 STEP PROBLEM SOLVING MODEL BASED ON ADLERS & GLASSERS THEORY

1. Explore what the client is doing is problematic
and adding ing to it to help the client to realize the (control he or she has over what she is doing. (eg: angering) 2. Exploring the purpose of the client behavior is useful to him or u would not be doing it. 3. involve helping the client realize the cost of not changing. 4. involve helping the client develop new approach that meet the needs indentified in step 2 without cost associated with step 3.

Peringkat pemilihan strategi dan mengambil tindakan. - Pelaksanaan Intervensi

Bagaimana melaksanakan strategi dan prosedur untuk menjayakan matlamat.

Kaunselor mestilah :

1. mengetahui apa yang diinginkan oleh kliennya. 2. dapat menentukan cara menolongnya 3. mahir menggunakan teknik-teknik kaunseling. 4. dapat menilai strategi dan prosedur kepada pencapaian peringkat ini.

Kriteria untuk menilai strategi dan prosedur kepada pencapaian peringkat ini.
Kenalpasti Sudahkah saya menolong klien saya

mengenal pasti masalah? Matlamat - Sudahkah saya menolong klien menyedari matlamat berhubung dengan keputusan? Alternatif - Sudahkan saya menolong klien menggunakan potensi dan menilai alternatif-alternatif yang ada? Maklumat - Sudahkah saya memberi maklumat atau keterangan mengenai alternatif yang dipilih

Sambungan

Kriteria untuk menilai strategi dan prosedur kepada pencapaian peringkat ini.
Mengajar

- Sudahkah saya mengajar cara-cara menggunakannya? Kriteria - Sudahkah saya menolong klien membuat kriteria untuk menilai alternatif supaya klien dapat membuat pertimbangan atau perbandingan? Memahami Sudahkah saya menolong klien memahami maklumat -matlumat atau ujian-ujian yang diperoleh? Meramal - Sudahkah saya menolong klien meramal atau menyedari risiko atau akibat melaksanakan alternatif tersebut?

Intervensi Kaunseling Teori Behaviorisme

Teknik Modifikasi Tingkahlaku

- Peneguhan, Hukuman, Time Out, Token Ekonomi, Kontrak, Shaping, Pembelajaran Kognitif, Latihan assertif/tegas diri Latihan relaksasi/kelegaan Melemahkan atau menghapuskan tingkahlaku -desensitization, extinction

Intervensi Kaunseling Teori Pemusatan Klien

Pendekatan jikamaka / If..then Sekarang . Di sini/ Now here Syarat yang diperlukan dalam pemusatan klien

1. Kontak psikologi pengalaman antara keduanya sebagai perhubungan secara psikologi. 2. Keadaan kebimbangan yang minimum 3. Ketulusan Kaunselor 4. Penerimaan tanpa syarat 5. Pemahaman empatik. 6. Perhatian kepada klien

Intervensi Kaunseling Teori Rational Emotif Behavirol Terapi (REBT)

Berdebat / Literally force Arahan / Active directive Dedactic Cadangan Tugasan (baca buku, berfikir seorang diri, menonton, melakukan sesuatu, sahabat pena, dll) Terapi Individu/Terapi Kelompok/Kelompok enconter marathon/ Terapi Pendek (Brief Terapi)