Plant Tissues and Organs

Fig. 38.6

Fig. 38.4

Figure 35.21 Modular construction of a shoot

Basic Plant Morphology

TISSUES- a group of cells functioning together in some specialized activity MERISTEMS- a mass of self-perpetuating cells, which are not yet committed to developing into a specialized cell type

Terminal meristems- ends of stems, branches and roots Axillary meristems- base of leaves, branches Lateral meristems are parallel to sides of plant parts and increase girth.

Meristem types
Primary
Apical Meristems

Secondary
Vascular cambium Cork Cambium

Flowering plants have 3 basic tissue types

Dermal
Cover surface of plant Protection

Ground Vascular
Conducting tissue

Dermal
Epidermis
epidermal cells

Periderm
cork cells

Fig. 38.12a

Fig. 38.12b

Fig. 38.12c

Vascular Tissue
Xylem
Mostly to conduct water and nutrients E.g., roots to shoots

Phloem
Mostly to conduct sugars, amino acids, etc. E.g., leaves to roots or flowers

Fig. 38.13a

Fig. 4.6

Fig. 4.9

Fig. 38.13b

Fig. 38.14a

Fig. 38.14b

Vegetative Organs
Roots Stems Leaves

Function of roots
Anchor the plant Absorb water and minerals from soil Storage

Longitudinal section of roots

Root cap Zone of cell division Zone of cell elongation Zone of maturation

Cross section of root

Vascular bundle (Stele) = contains xylem and phloem Cortex Epidermis Root hairs
Absorb water and minerals

Fig. 38.15

Fig. 38.21

Function of Stems
support leaves to maximize light absorption part of conduit for transport of water, minerals, and organic solutes storage

Fig. 38.25a

Fig. 38.25b

Woody dicots
Discrete vascular bundles replaced by continuous rings of xylem Each ring is xylem produced during one growing season Vascular cambium

Fig. 38.7a

Fig. 38.7b

Stems: Secondary growth

Vascular tissue, (xylem) makes up the bulk of the stem Form tree rings

Fig. 38.23

Fig. 38.28a

Fig. 38.28b

Fig. 38.28c

Function of leaves
Main photosynthetic structure

Leaf parts
Blade Petiole Pair of stipules

Fig. 38.34

Fig. 38.8

Fig. 38.33

Fig. 38.30

Fig. 38.35

Fig. 39.1

Fig. 39.5

Figure 35.8a Modified leaves: Tendrils of pea plant

Figure 35.8b Modified leaves: Cacti spines

Figure 35.8c Modified leaves: Succulent leaves for storing water

Figure 35.8d Modified leaves: Brightly-colored leaves to attract pollinators

Figure 35.x1 Lithops

 Monocotyledon
grasses lilies, tulips trees: palm

dicotyledon
roses, asters grapes, beans trees: oak, maple,

Comparison of monocots & dicots

http://www.emeraldashborer.info/index.cfm

Emerald Ash Borer Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is an exotic beetle that was discovered in southeastern Michigan near Detroit in the summer of 2002. The adult beetles nibble on ash foliage but cause little damage. The larvae (the immature stage) feed on the inner bark of ash trees, disrupting the tree's ability to transport water and nutrients. Emerald ash borer probably arrived in the United States on solid wood packing material carried in cargo ships or airplanes originating in its native Asia. Emerald ash borer is also established in Windsor, Ontario, was found in Ohio in 2003 and northern Indiana in 2004. Since its discovery, EAB has: *killed more than 10 million trees *cost 10s of millions of $

What to know about EAB: It attacks only ash trees (Fraxinus spp.). Adult Beetles are metallic green and about -inch long. Adults leave a D-shaped exit hole in the bark when they emerge in spring. Woodpeckers like EAB larvae; heavy woodpecker damage on ash trees may be a sign of infestation. Firewood cannot be moved in many areas of Michigan, Ohio and Indiana because of the EAB quarantine ( Ohio, Indiana, Michigan)

It probably came from Asia in wood packing material.