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INTRODUCTION COMPOSITION MICROSTRUCTURE OF RPC DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HPC AND RPC PROPERTIES OF RPC MIXING AND PLACING OF RPC
INTRODUCTION
Concrete is the most popular engineering material and its structure has become more complex in recent years. Use of addictives have grown considerably. Even then its brittle nature and weak in tension characteristics have prevented full utilization of its properties. Need for a new material for superior performance and better tension resistance.
At strengths above 150 MPa coarse aggregate form the weakest link in concrete. The only way to increase strength further is to remove coarse aggregates. This is the concept of RPC and was first developed by P. Richard and M. Cheyrezy. RPC was first produced in the early 1990s by researchers at Bouygues laboratory in France.
RPC is a high strength ductile material formulated from a special combination of constituents..
COMPOSITION OF RPC
COMPONENTS CEMENT SAND SELECTION PARAMETERS GRADE 55 COST AND AVAILABILITY FINENESS PURITY ASPECT RATIO PARTICLE SIZE 1-100 MICRONS 150-600 MICRONS 5-25 MICRONS 0.1-1 MICRONS L=13-25 mm DIA=.15-.25mm TYPES OPC MEDIUM FINENESS NATURAL CRUSHED CRYSTALLINE HIGHLY REFINED STRAIGHT
SUPERPLASTICIZER
LESS RETARDING
POLYACRYLATE BASED
COMPONENTS
CEMENT SAND QUARTZ POWDER SILICA FUMES STEEL FIBERS SUPERPLASTICISER
FUNCTION PARAMETERS
BINDING PROPERTY GIVES STRENGTH TO AGGREGATE MAXIMUM REACTIVITY DURING HEAT TREATING VOID FILLING AND ENHANCES RHEOLOGY IMPROVES DUCTILITY REDUCES WATER-CEMENT RATIO
MICROSTRUCTURE OF RPC
Powder quartz looks like tiny embedded grains. No portlandite and silica crystals. Very compact zone along the fibers. Microcracks in the vicinity of sand crystals.
MICROSTRUCTURE OF RPC
RPC Strength greater than 90MPa . No reinforcement required. Steam curing necessary for gaining strength. Costly and used for very high quality costruction.
Reinforcement is required.
Stream curing not necessary. Relatively cheaper. More microcracks.
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PROPERTIES OF RPC
1. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH :-Very high compressive strength of 200MPa(depending on steel %). -Way greater than HPC.
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2. FLEXURAL STRENGTH :-Ability of the material to resist deformation under load. -The flexural strength of RPC is about 15000psi (100MPa) at first cracking is higher than ultimate flexural strength of normal concrete. -By increasing steel fibers percentage even higher flexural strength is possible. .
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3.RESISTANCE TO CHLORIDE ON PENETRATION:It is resistant to chloride attack due to absence of pore structures. Resistance increase with increase in curing temperature.
4.HOMOGENEITY:- It has very high homogeneity as all the coarse aggregate is eliminated. - Maximum size of dry aggregate used is 600m.
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5.TENSILE STRENGTH:. It has a high tensile strength of 20-50MPa which is twice as strong as normal concrete in compression. Tensile Strength of 6-13MPa after first cracking.
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7.DURABILITY:Great durability and water permeability decreases with age. Nearly impermeable and high resistance to acid attack due disconnected pore structure.
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9.COMPACTNESS:-As the aggregates are blended and proportioned to an adequate size distribution RPC has a high density . -Pressure is applied before and during the curing process to ease greater compactness resulting in greater strength.
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Mixing and placing of RPC similar to normal concrete. Trial mixture approach is suitable for proportioning.
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MATERIAL AND SPECIFICATION PORTLAND CEMENT(TYPE 5) FINE SAND SILICA FUME(150-400 micron) GROUND QUARTZ SUPERPLASTICIZERS STEEL FIBRES
1051kg/m
191kg/m
TOTAL WATER
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FLEXURAL STRENGTH
153kg/m
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CURING OF RPC
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BENEFITS OF RPC
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LIMITATIONS OF RPC
Least costly components of concrete are replaced by expensive components . It is becomes expensive if the amount of steel added is above 2.5%. Its long term properties are not known yet. Stiffer paste results in difficulty in finishing. No standard codes are available.
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APPLICATIONS OF RPC
High structural strength with low structural weight suggests it is a good material for greater spans and earthquake resistant buildings. First RPC bridge Sherbrooke Bridge in Canada with strength around 230 MPa has prompted RPC bridge building in North America.
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APPLICATIONS OF RPC
CONTAINMENT OF NUCLEAR WASTE:a) Due to its penetration resistance it is used for isolation and containment of nuclear waste b) It is also used for blocking and stabilization of such wastes as well as storage.
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APPLICATIONS OF RPC
Basically structures needing thin and light materials such as roof of stadiums,long span bridges or extra security..RPC can be used
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Seawalls in Portugal
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CONCLUSIONS
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REFERENCES
1. Richard P, and Cheyrezy M, Composition of Reactive Powder Concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 25, No.7, (1995), pp. 1501 1511. 2. Aitcin P.C, Cements of yesterday and today Concrete of tomorrow, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 30, (2000), pp 1349 - 1359. 3. Blais P. Y, and Couture M, Precast, Prestressed Pedestrian Bridge - Worlds first reactive powder concrete structure, PCI Journal, Vol. 44, (1999), pp. 60 - 71. 4. Dauriac C, Special Concrete may give steel stiff competition, Building with Concrete, The Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce, May 9, 1997. 5. Goltermann P, Johansen V, and Palbol L, Packing of Aggregates: An Alternative Tool to Determine the Optimal Aggregate Mix, ACI Materials Journal, Sep-Oct. 1997, pp. 435 443. 6. Reactive Powder Concrete, The Indian Concrete Journal , September (2007), pp 31-45.
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