Group Two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to achieve specific goals or meet certain

needs.

DEFINING GROUPS Broadly, a group is any collection of individuals who have mutually dependent relationships. A group may be defined as two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives.
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 1. The similarity-attraction effect: 2. Exposure: 3. Reciprocity: 4. Basking in reflected glory:

"Why do Groups form?" General Tendencies:

 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

There are other number of reasons why people join groups Affiliation : Security : Self-esteem: Power Goal Achievement Status

Contributions of Groups to the Organization

Synergy = the creation of a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts Superior performance (i.e., better than lone individuals) when:
No clear expert to assign decision to Problem-solving can be handled by dividing work and sharing information Need for creativity and innovation (groups more willing to take risks than 5 are individuals)

Contributions of Groups to the Organization (contd)

Forum to learn and share information Satisfying needs for:
Social interaction Security Emotional support Ego involvement in activities

Group Dynamics

Groups and Teams Contributions to Organizational Effectiveness

Classification of groups
Formal groups Informal groups

The Types of Groups in Organizations

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Stages of Group Development

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Stage 1. Forming (Orientation)

Major Processes Exchange of information Increased interdependency Task exploration Identification of commonalities Disagreement over procedures Expression of dissatisfaction Emotional responses Resistance Growth of cohesiveness & unity Establishment of roles, standards, & relationships

Characteristics Tentative interactions Polite discourse Ambiguity Self-discourse Criticism of ideas Poor attendance Hostility Polarization & coalition forming Agreement on procedures Reduction in role ambiguity Increased we-feeling

2. Storming (Conflict)

3. Norming (Cohesion)

4. Performing (Performance)

Goal achievement Decision making High task orientation Problem solving Emphasis on performance & Mutual cooperation production Disintegration & withdrawal Increasing independence Regret

5. Adjourning (Dissolution) Termination of roles Completion of tasks Reduction of dependency

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Types of Task Interdependence

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