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INTODUCTION HISTORY OBEJECTIVE & OVERVIEW APPLICATIONS CRYPTOGRAPHY COMPONENTS TERMINOLOGY ASPECTS TYPES OF CRYPTOGRAPHY ADVANTAGES CONCLUSION REFERENCES
Cryptography is the science of information security. The word is derived from the Greek kryptos, meaning hidden. Cryptography includes techniques such as microdots, merging words with images, and other ways to hide information in storage or transit.
Confidentiality:- the information cannot be understood by anyone for whom it was unintended. Integrity :-the information cannot be altered in storage or transit between sender and intended receiver without the alteration being detected. Authentication :-the sender and receiver can confirm each others identity and the origin/destination of the information.
Cryptography provides most of the methods and techniques for a secure communication
Cryptography components
Encryption It is a process of changing or converting normal text or data information into gibberish text. Decryption It is a process of changing or converting gibberish text back to correct message or data by using encryption method.
Terminology
Cryptology : All-inclusive term used for the study of secure communication over non-secure channels. Cryptography : The process of designing systems to realize secure communications over non-secure channels. Cryptoanalysis : The discipline of breaking the cryptographic systems. Coding Theory : Deals with representing the information using codes. It covers compression, secrecy, and error correction.
Basic terminology
Plaintext: original message to be encrypted Ciphertext: the encrypted message Enciphering or encryption: the process of converting plaintext into ciphertext Encryption algorithm: performs encryption
Two inputs: a plaintext and a secret key
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Ciphers
Symmetric cipher: same key used for encryption and decryption
Block cipher: encrypts a block of plaintext at a time
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Categories of cryptography
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A single common encryption key is used to encode and decode messages. Both sender and receiver must know the common key. The common key need to be exchanged before hand by some other secure method. Symmetric encryption is simple and fast. But - key management is impractical with large number of senders and receivers.
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Symmetric-key cryptography
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Asymmetric-key cryptography
Asymmetric system under, which two different keys are used to encrypt and decrypt the message or received data packet. On public key is used to encrypt the data or message and the private key on receiving end is used to decrypt the message or data packet. Each user has a Public key and a corresponding Private (secret) key
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Asymmetric-key cryptography
Sendersign messages by means of his private secret key. Recipient verify the senders signature by means of the senders public key. The senders identity is certified by means of aCertificate which is digitally signed by a trusted third party.
public-key cryptography Increased security and convenience. public-key cryptography is best suited for an open multi-user environment. Symmetric encryption is simple and fast.
cryptography = physics + Information theory Information is physical. Information gain implies disturbances.