RIHAND GOVERNOR

GOVERNING SYSTEM CAN BE CONSIDERED IN TWO PARTS 1.STEAM FLOW COMPUTING AND 2.VALVE CONTROL THE INTERFACE BETWEEN THESE TWO PARTS IS AN ARRANGEMENT OF HIGHWAYS WHICH CARRY VARIOUS VALVE POSITIONING SIGNALS.

STEAM FLOW COMPUTING

THE PRINCIPAL ITEM OF STEAM FLOW COMPUTING PART IS THE COMPUTING CHANNEL.THERE ARE THREE COMPUTING CHANNEL(CC) EACH WORKING INDEPENDENTLY OF THE OTHER TWO. BASIC FUNCTION OF CC IS TO MEASURE THE SPEED OF THE TURBINE, COMPARED THIS WITH A DEMANDED SPEED (3000RPM) AND THEN PROCESS THE RESULTING SPEED ERROR SIGNAL VIA DROOP,BIAS AND RATE OF CHANGE CIRCUIT TO PROVIDE VALVE POSITION SIGNALS FOR H.P.STOP, H.P.GOVERNING AND I.P.GOVERNING VALVES.

VALVE CONTROL
EACH VALVE IS PROVIDED WITH ITS OWN VALVE CONTROLLER WHICH FORMS THE ELECTRICAL SECTION OF THE ELECTROHYDRAULIC VALVE CONTROLLING SYSTEM.ITS PURPOSE IS TO PROVIDE A SUITABLE DRIVE TO THE SERVO-VALVE SO THAT THE VALVE MAY BE POSITIONED AS DEMANDED BY THE VALVE POSITION SIGNALS FROM THE CC.

LOW VALUE GATE: FOCAL POINT OF COMPUTING CH.

THE LOW VALUE GATE(L.V.G.) IS THE FOCAL POINT OF THE CC MODULE THE INPUTE,TO THE L.V.G. ARE: 1. PROTECTION 2. RUN-UP GOVERNING (WIDE RANGE GOVERNING: WRG) 3. RAMP 4. HP GOV. VALVE OPENING LIMIT( 0-105%) 5. SPEED STEAM (NARROW RANGE GOVERNING: NRG) 6. VACUUM PAY-OFF

WRG
WRG Is single channel and allows its set point to change from barring gear to near synchronous speed. ATRS: -Uses WRG interface during runup. Run-up modules controls of turbine from barring speed to nominal speed using a speed reference ramp which is modulated by ATRS.

Speed Steam: NRG

Speed of turbine is computed from rate of pulses generated by magnetic ups mounted adjacent to a 60toothed wheel fitted to turbine shaft. The pulses are amplified by head amp.& then process thro dynamic compensator,accle. pcb to speed measure pcb which generate voltage proportional to diff of actual & ref. speed 3000rpm i.e speed error. This error then amp. by droop amp. Dead band facility holds the o/p of droop amp.at zero over a range of speed error signal.

Speed steam ( cont.): NRG

The o/p of droop amp. is added to speed error reference( SER) whose o/p is the speed steam. The speed error ref.( SER) is a bias applied to the droop amp.to set the speed steam signal at a particular turbine speed. The value of SER is controlled by CCR-desk raise/lower push button or by other sources.

Speed steam ( cont): NRG

The speed error signal is also fed into a low value gate on summer pcb. Bias & amplification applied to speed error signal to give 10v at 103.5% speed & 0v at 106% speed( droop: 2.5%). At maximum measurable speed which is 106.25%. the o/p of over-speed clipping ckt. is 10%. Where as governor droop which is 4% can give o/p at maximum speed is 6.25%.

Output of LVG: steam demand signal

Valve high way : O/p of LVG is compared with o/p of other CC. This ckt generates an o/p average of all 3 computing ch.o/p ( if within 5%). The o/p of average& voter pcb feeds the valve high way amp. as steam demand signal to 1 Hp gov valve high way: driven by function generator whose in/op characteristics is inverse of valve lift/flow charac.The valve lift signal is fed to all HP gov. valve control module.

Steam demand signal

2 HP stop valve Highway: The stop valve signal from the run-up module is applied to one input of LVG.The o/p of average/voter is applied to other input. The lowest signal is fed to non-linear amplifier for all HP stop valves 3 IP gov valve highway : Its driver sums together the steam demand signal & sequence bias signal. Accele. Signal also summed. The o/p of summing amp. Is the valve lift signal which fed to all IP gov valve control modules.

Valve control module

The valve controller contains the necessary averaging,L.V.D.T. drive & demodulator ckt. It has two ch. Control & check L.V.D.T. and when the monitors detects a discrepancy between these that exceeds a preset value , the controller will trip its valve shut and raise an alarm. Its purpose is to provide suitable drive to servo valve so that the valve may be positioned as demanded by the averaging signal of all three computing signals.

TURBINE DROOP 4% & NO DEAD BAND

2760
+100%

2880

3000

3120

3240

0%
-100%

-240

-120

+120

+240

+100%

DROOP 4% & DEAD BAND+/-2%

-100%

RIHAND DROOP &OVER SPEED CLIPPING

3060 3105
OVERSPEED CLIPPING CKT

+100%
GOVERNOR DROOP 4%

3060

3105

3187.5

0% -10%