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R.S. Rajput
G.S.Bandi
Mechanical
HYD HYD
Hydraulic Controller
ADVANTAGES OF EHC
a) Increases the life of turboset by conservative operation with the aid of TSE b) High operational reliability and safety with integrated circuits , as well as speed and load measurement in multiple channels c) Precise maintenance of the rated frequency of the power grid by means of an exact frequency load curve. d) Low speed deviation under all operational conditions. e) Support of the pressure control system
Elements of EHC
EHC can be divided into following subsections: 1 Speed measurement and Speed controller 2 Load measurement and Load controller 3 Pressure controller 4 Selection circuit(Control mode selection) 5 Admission /Position Controller
Structure of EHC
Speed Control loop
Selection Circuit
EL
HYD
Speed Controller
Is used to increase turbine speed from barring speed to rated speed in a controlled manner . To assist Auto synchronizer in synchronizing the machine and taking the block load. After synchronization speed controller can be used for taking load up to 100% but as a normal practice approx. after 10% of load ,load controller is taken into service. It is done because during speed controller mode a small frequency change will cause corresponding opening in valve ( hence in load)
Speed measurement
Hall probes are mounted around a disc (fitted at the turbine shaft) containing 120 magnets (60 N-pole & 60-S pole alternatively) . An advantage of the same is that one rotation of disc will generate 60 positive pulses & So, by counting the pulses for one second we can directly determine the turbo set speed in rpm.
c) Dn/Dt Monitoring
This section detects low acceleration of turbine and brings back the turbine speed to a safe speed of 600 rpm. Dn/ Dt acts when following conditions are fulfilled All E S Vs open. Generator circuit breaker in open condition. Actual speed (n a c t) < 2820 rpm. Speed set point (nR) more than 600 RPM for 200MW. For 500MW,set point is > 400 rpm. Dn/Dt < 108 rpm/min
e) No load Correction
As the speed controller loop is PD (P) so an error in the input is a must to keep the valves open for running at the rated speed . To Provide this error between set point and actual value a pressure dependent correction signal is given , as the valve opening required for running the machine at rated speed is directly dependent on steam pressure. Hence, for correction purpose practical reading should be taken when the machine is running at rated speed at different pressure
For example :- Turbine running at 3000 rpm Output of speed controller at (50Kg/Cm2)=1.5V Output of speed controller at (150Kg/Cm2)=0.8V The pressure transmitter ranges is 0=250Kg/Cm2 = 0-10V for 4 to 20mA The correction input as given with a gain of 0.05 and the overall gain of speed controller loop is 22.22 so net gain for correction signal =0.05x22.22=1.11 Hence correction input required at 50Kg Cm2 =1.5/1.11 =1.35v and correction input required at 150Kg/Cm2 =0.8/1.11=0.72V .Now two equation can be made with Y=m x +C Y= Correction Signal X = Pressure Signal ( 50 kg/cm2=2v, 150 kg/cm2=6v) 1.35=M x 2+C . .(1) 0.72=M x 6 +C . .(2)
By solving above two equation M = -0.16 C= 1.67 Gain (M) should be adjusted by potentiometer AB 099/R11 negative polarity of (M) is taken care by feeding pressure signal to negative port of comparator .Biasing C can be adjusted by Potentiometer AB 115/R 13
2.Load Controller
Load controller is used to maintain the load set by the operator ( at turbine control or at CMC console ) or automatic load dispatch Centre (optional ). Load controller is also responsible for taking care of frequency changes and correcting the load. The controller comes into operation only after synchronization, before Synchronization it remains in the follow mode .
Pressure Controller
3a) Initial Pressure Mode A Pressure deviation signal (difference of actual pressure and set pressure ) is fed to the controller .As long the deviation is more than + 150mV (Actual> required ) the pressure controller output remains as maximum saturation. If the deviation fall between 0 to +150mV, the output of the pr. controller comes out from saturation & match to the output of final minimum selector. As soon as the deviation becomes negative, the output of the pressure control starts decreasing and takes over control. This mode comes when runback action comes into picture or it is selected from console.
3b Limit pressure mode The function of this mode is similar to the initial pressure mode .The only difference being that biasing of 10Kg/Cm2 is given in this loop. Hence, all the action start after the pressure drops by more than 10Kg/Cm2. This mode is used when m/c is in load control; a small pressure correction signal is also applied +/side to load set point control. This mode should be used once the load on turbo set is stabilized.
Pressure Controller
4 Control Transfer
This loop receives the signal from speed controller (hrnc), load controller(hr PC) and pr. controller a set of Max & Min selection and then final value selected is passed on to position /admission controller hrnc and hrPC pass through a maximum value selector and the value selected is passed on to first MIN value selection. 10.5v is added in hrnc and this value is also fed to first Min value selector. The value selected in first Min value selector is passed on to the second MIN value selector along with output of pressure controller output (hr PRC) The value selected here is passed on the position / admission controller.
Selection Circuit
5 Position/admission Controller
Position Controller is the final control element in EHC. It receives the signal from control transfer It receives feedback signal from Collins transmitters.Two Collins transmitters are provided Selection of transmitter is through MIN value selector Plunger coil supplied in EHC is an integrator type. The balance point of the coil is 1.0V Provision to switch ON/OFF the voltage supply to plunger coil. Switching ON /OFF can be done only if the output of position controller is > 100%.
2790
2940
3060
3210
0%
RPM
-100%
What is Droop?
% of frequency change ( % of RPM change) will lead to full travel of Governing valves or full load change. 5% droop means: 5%*50 Hz= 2.5 Hz Will change 500MW. In terms of output total change should take place is 100%
3000 RPM
3150
3300
-150 RPM
+150 RPM
+300
-100%
+100% 2790 DROOP5% & DEAD BAND +/-2% 0% 2940 -100% 3060
3210