Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Future utilization of oil and coal in utility and industrial power stations depend on combustion systems which meet the requirement of an extensive reduction of emission One solution with economical benefits is:
History
Two CFB technologies have been developed One origin was a bubbling bed burning low grade fuels The other origin were gas/solid reactors for process technology applications End of 70ies first applications in coal combustion Break through in the 80ies due to environmental legislation Typically 200 mg/m NOX and 200 - 1,000 mg/m SO2 became mandatory later due to utilisation of opportunity fuels
141 267p
Relationships
between Fixed Grate, Fluidized Bed, and Pulverized Firing
Stoker Firing (Fixed Bed) Fluidized Bed Firing BFB CFB
Gas Gas Gas
Fuel
Air Fuel & Sorbent Air Ash 4 - 10 ft/ sec (1.2 - 3.0 m/ s) 1,000 m Air Ash 15 - 23 ft/ sec (4.6 - 7.0 m/ s) 100 - 300 m
Air Fuel
6,000 m
Environmentally friendly
SO2 Capture
SO2 Capture achieved by limestone injection
CaCO3
CaO + SO2 + O2
Optimum temperature : 850 C
SO2Capture efficiency
800
850
900
T (C)
NOx Emissions
- N2 in fuel
- Excess air and staggering 800 1 000
T (C)
1 200
General Process
Flue gas
Bed temperature
Coal Temperature maintained by heat pick up in exchange surfaces Either in furnace Or in FBHE Air As h
Air
Air
CFB Boilers
8 4
7 2 3 5
Concept
High bed inventory of fine particles High recirculation rate Highly efficient cyclones External and/or Internal heat exchangers for temperature control depending upon the application
Concept
FBHE Design
Cyclone
Furnace
FBHE
FBHE Design
Ashes to furnace
Fluidisation air
Wing Walls
to cyclone
Omega Panels
View from top
To extract heat for superheating from the furnace To have a self controlling system for furnace heat extraction (no mechanical control means needed) To avoid erosion of heating surfaces by installation in the vertical flow area of the furnace and smooth surface design
First unit has now gathered more than 100 000 h operation with first platen heater equipment.
Double Super Omega Design Welded Design
006 056px
100%
Collection efficiency
0% 0 50 100 d [m]
056 287p
150
200
250
056 329p
Residue R
90.0
99.0
1000
Minimize solids entrained to the backpass and thus less backpass erosion less backpass fouling lower CO generated in the backpass
056 343p
Cyclone Arrangements
< 100 MWel 100 - 200 MWel
600 MWel
056 352p
+ + + + + + +
+
Class 150 MW Class 350 MW
+
Class 600 MW
1991
1996
250
2001
250
2002
160
1992
115
2003
125
2002
130
125
Lignite
Lignite
Brown coal
Lignite
Petcoke
> 89 %
> 94 %
> 93 %
> 92 %
> 89 %
> 83 % (*)
> 92 %
> 90 %
> 97 %
> 95 %
> 95 %
> 95 %
> 95 %
> 90 %
< 200
< 250
< 250
250
<200
215
<200
Fuel Type
NOX mg/mstp, 6 % O2
Desulphurization Efficiency % 80 97 95 95 97 90 97 -
Anthracite & Anthracite tailings Petcoke Slurry Bituminous Coal Eastern US Bituminous Coal High Moisture Lignite High Sulphur Lignite Biomass
058 180p
056 340p
Trough Jacket
056 341p
Fluidizing air
to Furnace
056 232px
Utility Boiler
Major Recent References: Power Station Mlad Boleslav 2 x 50 MW Energy Supply for VW-Skoda Factory
Technology Fuel Coal Capacity Design Pressure Temperature Commissioning Country Customer
012 188p
t/h bar C -
CFB Bituminous 2 x 140 145 535 1998 Czech Republic SKO Energo
Live Steam 115 bar (design pressure) 538 C 66 kg/s (237.6 t/h) Feedwater 223 C Fuel Vietnamese Lean Coal
012 223p
0.0 m
Utility Boiler
Major References: Power Station Ledvice 110 MW CFB Fired Boiler in Czech Republic
Technology Fuel Capacity Design Pressure Temperature Commissioning Country Republic Customer
012 183p
t/h bar C -
CFB Brown Coal 350 135 545 2001 Czech CEZ a.s.
Utility Boiler
Major References: Power Station Emile Huchet 125 MW CFB Fired Boiler in France
Technology Fuel Coal Capacity Design Pressure Temperature Commissioning Country Customer
012 185p
t/h bar C -
Utility Boiler
Major References: Power Station Goldenberg 125 MW Extra large Furnace due to wet (up to 60 % water) Brown Coal
012 187p
t/h bar C -
Akrimota, 2 x 125 MW
Boiler with CFB
+ 50.0 m
Live Steam 138 bar 538 C 405 t/h Reheater Steam 36 bar 537 C 375 t/h Feedwater 247 C Fuel High Sulphur Lignite
0.0 m
012 217p
Utility Boiler
Major References: Power Station Tamuin 2 x 130 MW CFB Fired Boilers in Mexico
012 184p
Technology - CFB Fuel - Petroleum Coke Capacity t/h 2 x 395 Design Pressure bar 154 Temperature C 540/540 Commissioning - 2002 Country - Mexico Customer - SITHE-IPG
Utility Boiler
Major References:
RF#1 2 x 150 MW CFB Fired Boilers in Taiwan
012 198p
Technology - CFB Fuel - Petroleum Coke Capacity t/h 2 x 500 Design Pressure bar 149 Temperature C 541 Commissioning - 2002 Country - Taiwan Customer - FHI
Utility Boiler
Major Recent References:
+ 56.7 m
012 154p
Utility Boiler
Major References: Tonghae Thermal Power Plant 2 x 220 MW Reheat CFB Boilers in Republic of Korea
011 422p
t/h bar C -
CFB Anthracite 2 x 693 172 541/541 1998 and 1999 Republic of Korea Tonghae
Utility Boiler
Major References: Power Station Provence 250 MW First 250 MW CFB Boilers in the world
011 424p
t/h bar C -
Utility Boiler
Major References:
Power Station Red Hills 2 x 250 MW
011 459p
Technology Fuel Capacity t/h Design Pressurebar Temperature C Commissioning Country Customer -
Utility Boiler
Major References: Power Station Guayama 2 x 250 MW Reheat CFB Boilers in Puerto Rico
Technology Fuel Coal Capacity Design Pressure Temperature Commissioning Country Customer
011 423p
t/h bar C -
011 475p
N CV MJ/ kg Anthracite Bituminous coal Lignite Brown coal Special fuels: Petcoke Wood chips Coal slurry Paper sludge Sewage sludge Bark < 31.0 12 10.5 2.4 0.6 9 - 16 16 19 - 29 12 - 18 8 - 12
Sulphur % ma f
5.5 - 12 1 - 13
< 5 36 33 62 73 15 - 50
< 1 2 30 15 15 1 - 3 (20)
< 7
056 295p
Reference Summary
Fuels Coal and lignite Water content up to Ash content up to Sulphur content up to 60 % 40 % 13 % maf
various opportunity fuels (coal, slurry, sewage sludge, petcoke, bark, ...) Water/Steam side Natural circulation Assisted circulation Once-through (engineering study) With/without reheat up to 560 C Capacity From 70 MWth up to 250 MWel 600 MWel under investigation
141 269p
Desulphurization of > 97 % achievable Reduced slagging tendency in the furnace No slagging due to pyrite of other sulphur components Reduced fouling in the backpass due to low temperature and even temperature profile
056 374p
056 377p
Summary
CFB technology is well developed today More than 300 CFB plants are operating or are under construction Plants with 250 MW capacity are running since 1995 CFB technology meets environmental requirements NOX values less than 200 mg/m3 s.t.p. and desulphurization efficiencies higher than 97 % could be achieved
CFB techhnology is able to burn a wide range of fuels Especially high sulphur and/or high ash or high water coals could be utilized
001 673p