First Aid, CPR & Safety for the

Workplace

■ Rod Cody- Director

– EMT
– AP,CI,CS,FA,IN,IS,IU,MR
– N.S.C. F/A, CPR Instructor / Trainer
■ WY MSHA STATE GRANT PROGRAM
Introduction

■ This discussion will cover Scene

Assessment, Personal Safety, CPR, and
First Aid Basics
Topics of Discussion
■ Legalities of First Aid
■ Scene Safety
■ Universal Precautions (BSI)
■ ABCDE’s of First Aid
– Primary Survey
Topics of Discussion (Cont.)

■ CPR, EMS Activation

■ Choking Control
■ Secondary Survey
■ First Aid: Bleeding, Wounds, Hot & Cold
Emergencies,PSD Injuries, Shock, Medical
Emergencies
I Legalities of First Aid
■ Good Samaritan Laws
– Laws Vary in each state
» Limited legal protection for citizens, some health
care personnel.
■ Will not prevent initiation of lawsuit.
■ Duty to Act
– If Certified & “on duty”
» Moral or ethical obligation
■ Negligence - Failure to act properly
– Abandonment
» Standard of care
II Is the Accident Scene Safe ?

■ Check the Scene for Hazards and Unsafe

Conditions
– Hazardous material
» Unstabil ground or vehicles
■ Violence
– Train yourself to look for Hazards at an
Accident Scene
Scene Safety (Cont.)

■ Can you make the scene safe or do you

require help?
– Police, Power Company, Gas Company,
HazMat, Etc.
■ Can you stabilize the equipment or
machinery?
■ The accident Scene must be safe for you.
■ You can’t help anyone if you become a
victim!
III Universal Precautiions (BSI)

■ Body Substance Isolation

– Latex or Vinyl Gloves
– One Way Breathing Mask
– Eye protection
■ Why?
– HIV / AIDS
– HBV
IV ABCDE’s of First Aid

■ Airway - Most important skill of the

ABCDE’s
– Head Tilt/Chin Lift - Jaw thrust
■ Breathing
– Look, Listen, Feel, 3 to 5 Seconds
■ Circulation
– Carotid Pulse, 5 to 10 Seconds
ABCDE’s of First Aid (Cont.)

■ Disability
– Hemorrhage
■ Expose
– You can’t treat conditions you haven’t
discovered !
V Cardio-Pulmonary
Resuscitation (CPR)

■ Two rescue Breaths

– Watch for chest rise & fall
■ Landmark Position
■ Hand Position
■ Compression Depth
■ Compression Rate
■ Compression Ratio
VI Choking Control

■ Learn to Recognize Choking

– International Sign
– Restaurants, etc.
■ Heimlich Maneuver
– Conscious Patient
■ Abdominal Thrusts
– Unconscious Patient
VII Secondary Survey

■ Head to Toe Survey

– Look, Feel for Tenderness, Swelling,
Deformities, Bleeding
■ May have to do Toe to Head for Child or
Mentally Handicapped
– Need to gain trust, confidence
VIII Bleeding Control

■ Direct Pressure
■ ICE
– Cold Packs
– Compress (Pressure bandage)
– Elevation
■ Pressure Points
IX Wounds

■ Punctures (vs) Perforations

■ Abrasions
■ Incisions
■ Lacerations
■ Amputations
■ Avulsions
■ Eviserations
X Burns

■ Degree
– 1st, 2nd, 3rd
– Surficial, Partial, Full Thickness
■ Sources
– Thermal, Chemical, Electrical, Radiation
■ Treatment
XI PSD Injuries

Pains, Sprains, & Deformities

■ Fractures, Sprains, Strains and Dislocations
■ Distal Pulse
■ Splinting
■ Splinting Material
XII Shock

■ ALWAYS treat For Shock

■ What is Shock?
■ How do we treat For Shock?
XIII Medical Emergencies

■ Heart Attack
■ Stroke
■ Diabetic Emergencies
■ Seizure
■ Sudden Illness
XIV Heart Attack

■ Pain
» Usually upper left, but not always
■ Nausea, Vomiting
■ Sweating
■ Breathing difficulty
■ Denial
XV Stroke

■ (CVA) Cerebrovascular accident

■ Headache
■ Drooling
■ Loss of muscle control, one side
■ Difficulty speaking
XVI Diabetic Emergencies

■ Altered mental status

» Rapid onset
■ Insulin Shock (Hypoglycemia)
– Too Little Sugar Available,Too Much Insulin
■ Diabetic Coma (Hyperglycemia)
– High Sugar in Blood, Low in Tissues, Not
Enough Insulin
■ If in doubt, Give Sugar to Both
■ Other alterations of mental status
XVII Seizure

■ Petit mal, Grand mal

– Partial seizure (1-10 seconds)
– Tonis-Clonic (1-5 minutes)
■ Not a disease
■ Underlying defect
– Injury (head injury)
– Infection (Brain swelling & inflammation
– Disease (Measles, mumps etc.)
■ Status Epilepticus