Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2003-04
10%
2004-05
-6.7%
2005-06
5.8%
Crore
2006-07
4%
2007-08
4.9%
2008-09 (Estimates)
2.6%
What is Rural?
Definitions of Rural Census Village: Basic Unit for rural areas is the revenue village, might comprise several hamlets demarcated by physical boundaries. Town: Towns are actually rural areas but satisfy the following criteria. Minimum Population >=5,000 Population density>= 400/ sq. km. 75% of the male population engaged in non-agri activity. RBI Locations with population up to 10,000 will be considered as rural and 10,000 to 100,000 as semi-urban. All locations irrespective of villages or town, up to a population of 10,000 will be considered as rural. Towns with population up to 15,000 are considered as rural. Locations having shops/ commercials establishments up to 10,000 are treated as rural. The rural and semi urban area is defined as all other than the seven metros.
Nabard
Rural
Rural
(Production)
II
Urban
Rural
III
Mid-Nineties
Urban/ Rural
Rural
IV
21st Century
S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Transactional Consumer orientation, Marketing concept Stimulating and conversional marketing Product-market fit Product innovations and communications Commercial Corporate enterprises, Sellers
Development Society orientation, societal concept Catalytic and transformation agent Social change Social Innovations and communications. Socio-cultural, economic Government, voluntary agencies, corporate enterprises, benefactors Development Projects/Schemes/Programmes Beneficiaries and buyers Development Market Development Corporate Image Medium-Long Service-motive Ideological or Public policy
7 8 9 10 11 12
Products and services Buyers Functional Profits Customer satisfaction Brand image Short-Medium Profit-motive Business policy
Industrial Market
Agricultural and allied activities, Poultry farming, Fishing, Animal, Husbandry cottage industries, Health Centre, School, Cooperatives, Panchayat office etc. Individuals, House holds, Officers, and Production firms
Consumables: Seeds, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Animal feed, Fishnets, Medicines, Petrol/Diesel etc.
-------
Services Market
-------
-------
Repairs, Transport, Banking, Credit, Insurance Health care, Education, Communication , Power etc.
Market (a) Demand (b) Competition (c) Consumers o Location o Literacy o Income o Expenditure o Needs o Innovation adoption
Low Less known Difficult Difficult to grasp Moderate Less Important Contd.
S. No. 4
Wholesalers, Stockists Retailers, Supermarkets, Specialty stores and authorized show rooms Good High
Print audio-visual media, out doors, exhibitions etc. Few languages Door-to-door frequently Contests, Gifts, Price Discounts Good opportunities
TV, Radio, Print Media to some extent. More languages Occasionally Gifts, Price discounts Less
No
No
No
Yes
SESSION II
1981 36
1991 45
2001 59
Semi-Pucca (%)
Kuccha (%) Total Source: Census of India 2001
37
41 100
36
33 100
36
23 100
Occupational Pattern
Distribution of Households by Occupation of the Head, 1999-2000 Heads Occupation Distribution of households (%) Urban Housewife Cultivator 0.84 3.45 Rural 1.01 40.86 All 0.96 29.99
Wage earner
Salary earner Professional Artisan Petty Shopkeeper Businessman Other Total Source: NCAER 2002
20.93
40.72 3.59 6.90 16.05 3.68 3.85 100.00
35.28
11.28 0.73 3.41 4.97 0.46 1.98 100.00
31.12
19.84 1.56 4.42 8.19 1.40 2.52 100.00
Physical Environment
Rural and Urban Life: Distinguishing Features
Population Density (Urban + Rural) (Per Sq. Km.) 1971 Popu. Density (Total) Rural 177 1981 216 171 1991 267 214 2001 312 253
Distribution of Towns and Villages 1991 No. of Towns No. of inhabited Villages Total no. of Villages Source: Census of India 2001 3,697 580,779 634,321* 2001 5,161 593,154 638,588*
1 Lakh and above 50,000 99,999 20,000 49,999 10,000 19,999 05,000 09,999 Less than 5,000
* 10 Lakh + : 27; 5-10 Lakh: 42; 1-5 Lakh:354 Source: Census 2001
Economic Environment
% Households
50 -42.7 40 -30-20-10-0-8.8 1989-90 _________ Low (<Rs.45K p.a) _________ High (>Rs.90k p.a) 2001-02 2009-10 23.9 17.8 20.6 39.5 42.5 36.9
1983
112
166
1983
66
34
1991
281
458
1991
63
37
2001
486
855
2001
59
41
Source: NSSO
Source: NSSO
Technological Environment
1981
0.26
0.44
0.30
The HDI is a composite of variables capturing attainments in three dimensions of human development, viz., economic, educational and health.
1991
0.34
0.51
0.38
2001
------
------
0.47
Population below the poverty line (Rural) Period No. of Persons (Million) 252 244 % of Persons Poverty line (Rs.) 89.5 206
1983 1993-94
46 37
1999-2000
193
27
328
Percentage share of the different sectors in GDP (at 1993-94 prices) Year 1950-51 1980-81 2001-02 Primary (Agri and Allied) 57.2 39.7 23.9 Secondary (Manufacturing) 14.8 23.7 26.6 Tertiary (Services) 28.0 36.6 49.5 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Agriculture
Rural Industries
Rural Services
Horticulture
Forestry
Fishing
Construction
Communication
Income Disparity
Rural-Urban Income Comparison Sector Bottom (30%) Rural Average Consumption Expenditure (Rs./Annum) Population (Million) 3,270 Urban 4,580 Middle (40%) Rural 5,110 Urban 8,150 Top (30%) Rural 9,400 Urban 18,720 All Classes Rural 5,830 Urban 10,260
223
86
297
114
223
86
742
285
Telephone Services
Telecom Density (Phone per 100) 2000 Urban Rural All 8.2 0.7 2.9 2005 26.2 1.74 9.08 Increase 220% 148% 213%