Eco-Friendly Building Materials & Technology

Submitted by, ANJALI A.BHASME (K5616)

Eco-Friendly Building Materials & Technology

Contents:
AIM OF SCOPE LIMITATIONS METHODOLOGY INTRODUCTION

THE STUDY

OBJECTIVES

What is ecofriendly material ? Why ecofriendly materials?

PROPERTIES Embodied Energy Conventional Eco-friendly materials Eco-friendly materials & techniques Recommended eco-friendly alternatives for

VIDARBHA REGION.

1. Structural System 2. Masonry 3. Flooring 4. Plastering 5. Roofing and ceiling-

6. Flooring, paving and road work 7. Tiles for interiors 8. Windows, Doors and openings 9. Electrical 10. Water supply, Sanitary and Plumbing System 11. Wood 12. Water proofing chemicals, additives, sealants and adhesives 13.Painting, Polishing, Priming and similar surface finishing
Case

studyCSV wardha.

Conclusion

Aim of the study

To study an eco-friendly building materials and technologies use in vidarbha region.

Objectives:
To study optimum conditions of environment in relation to climate, human comfort and health. To study climate responsive techniques and material used in construction. To study how to make use of natural resources in the form of heat and light. Develop a comprehensive list of conventional building materials Evaluate existing building product ecorating/assessment systems for adopting to the Indian context. Recommendations for a rating system for evaluating eco-friendly building product Recommend a list of eco-friendly materials

Scope
To study use of innovative materials and technologies

and implement it in buildings.

Limitations:
Study related to a selected site or a region. Detailing of services.

Methodology:
Internet Data Search Site visits and Market Survey Communication with Retail Vendors and Manufacturers Data Collection from Local Builders, Contractors and Architects Review of research by HUDCO, BMTPC, TIFAC, CBRI etc.

What is Eco-friendly material ?

Dictionary: describes a product that has been

designed to do the least possible damage to the environment "...products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect onhuman health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose..." materials, fossil fuels, and othernatural resources not only by its composition, but also through the manufacturing process, transportation of the material, and end of life recyclability.

US EPA EPP program defines as:

An eco-friendly material limits the strain on virgin

Why eco-friendly materials?

Phenomenal growth in the construction industry that depends upon depletable resources. Production of building materials leads to irreversible environmental impacts. Using eco-friendly materials is the best way to build a eco-friendly building.

Properties:
The various properties of the Eco-friendly materials and techniques are Materials can be eco-friendly also if they can assist in reduction of the energy used in the building during operation and maintenance. it is difficult to get a material that has all these properties, and it thus becomes a comparative assessment to identify eco-friendly materials. Renewable Source Reuse of Waste product Embodied Energy Local Availability Reduction in air, land and water pollution Durability & Life span ECO-FRIENDLY MATERIALS& TECHNOLOGY Biodegradable Reuse/recycle

Aids Energy Efficiency in buildings

Embodied Energy
Scalar total of energy input required to produce the

product including transporting them to the building site because to the high energy required to produce them. Compared to timber that requires very less energy for production.

Aluminium and steel has the most embodied energy

Conventional Eco-friendly materials

Conventional Eco-friendly materials

1.Bamboo, Bamboo Based Partcle Board & Ply Board, Bamboo Matting 2.Bricks sun dried 3.Precastcement concrete blocks, lintels, slab. Structural and non-structural modular elements 4.CalcinedPhosphoGypsum Wall Panels 5.Calcium silicate boards and Tiles 6.Cellular Light Weight Concrete Blocks 7.Cement Paint 8.Clay roofing tiles 9.Water, polyurethane and acrylic based chemical admixtures for corrosion removal, rust prevention, water proofing 10.Epoxy Resin System, Flooring, sealants, adhesives and admixtures 11.Ferro-cement boards for door and window shutters 12.Ferro-cement Roofing Channels 13.Fly-ash Sand Lime Bricks and PaverBlocks 14.Gypsum Board, Tiles, Plaster, Blocks, gypsum plaster fibrejute/sisal and glass fibrecomposites 15.Laminated Wood Plastic Components 16.Marble Mosaic Tiles 17.MDF Boards and Mouldings 18.Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles 19.ParticalBoards 20.Polymerisedwater proof compound

21.Polymerisedwater proof compound 22.Portland PozzolanaCement Flyash/ CalcinedClay Based 23.Portland Slag Cement 24.RCC Door Frames 25.Ready Mix Cement Concrete 26.Rubber Wood Finger Joint Board 27.Stone dust 28.Water proof compound, adhesive, Polymer, Powder source
Seminar on eco friendly building material by

Mrs. Zigisha Mhaskar

Eco-friendly materials & techniques

1.BagasseBoard BMTPC 2.Bricks from Coal WasheryRejects -CBRI, Roorkee 3.Building Blocks From Mine Waste SERC 4.Burnt Clay FlyAshBricks -CBRI, Roorkee 5.Coir Cement Board -CBRI, Roorkee 6.Compressed Earth Blocks BMTPC 7.EPS Composites and Door Shutters -CBRI, Roorkee 8.FibreFlyashCement Boards BMTPC 9.FibreReinforecedConcrete PrecastElements, Wall panels, Blocks, Manhole Covers SERC 10.Fibrous Gypsum Plaster Boards -CBRI, Roorkee 11.FlyashCellular Concrete, FlyashCement Brick, Blocks -BMTPC 12.FlyashLime Cellular Concrete -CBRI, Roorkee 13.FlyashLime Gypsum Brick -BMTPC 14.Insulating Bricks from Rice Husk Ash-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata 15.Jute Fibre Polyester -BMTPC 16.Non Erodable Mud Plaster -CBRI, Roorkee 17.Polytiles-CBRI, Roorkee 18.Timber from trees such as Poplar, Rubber, Eucalyptus -BMTPC 19.Precastwalling roofing components -CBRI, Roorkee 20.Prefab Brick Panel System -CBRI, Roorkee

Recommended eco-friendly alternatives.

1. Structural System Alternatives to Cement Concrete (plain / reinforced) - cement, sand, aggregate, steel Base Materials for R.C.C. and Steel Systems a. Pozzolana Material content (Fly-ash / Slag / Calcinated Clay) attained through use of Blended Portland Cement (BPC) and /or direct addition of pozzolana material b. Sand and aggregate from pulverized debris and /or sintered fly-ash for concrete and mortar c.Recycled steel forms and reinforcement bars Alternatives Systems a. Ferro cement and b. Pre-cast components for columns, beams, slabs, lofts, balconies, roofs etc. c. Ready Mix Concrete d. Use Resinous curing agents

2. Masonry
Alternatives to Fired clay bricks, cement concrete blocks, stone
a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

Use of Fly ash + sand + lime bricks / blocks Pulverized debris + cement bricks / blocks, Industrial waste based bricks / blocks, Aerated lightweight BPC concrete blocks, Phospho-Gypsum based blocks Lato blocks (laterite + cement) Rat trap bond (cavity wall)

Bricks
The manual production of the bricks involves

mainly four operations namely, Soil preparation, Moulding, energy is consumed is firing of bricks. The amount of total depending upon the weather condition, quality of coal, etc. A depending upon quality of the coal generally transported from

Drying and Firing. The main process in which

coal required is about 18 tonnes to 22 tonnes

tonne of coal gives about 12.3MJ to 13.3MJ

far off distances. The energy required to produce

each brick inclusive of transportation comes to about 5MJ

per brick.

TYPES OF BRICKS
Brick masonry units may be solid, hollow,

orarchitectural terra cotta.

All types can serve structural function, a The various types differ in their formation and

decorative function, or combination of both. composition. Building brick, also called common, hard, or kiln-run brick, is made from ordinary clay or shale and is fired in kilns. These bricks have no special shoring, markings, surface texture, or colour. backing courses in either solid or cavity brick walls, the harder and more durable types are preferred. betterdurability and appearance than building brick .Because of this, face bricks are used in exposed wallfaces. The most common face brick colors are various shades of brown, red, gray, yellow, and white.Clinker brick is overburned in the kiln. Clinkerbricks are usually rough, hard, durable, and sometimesirregular in shape

Buildingbricks are generally used as the

Face brick is better quality and has

 Clinker brick is over burned in the kiln.

Clinker bricks are usually rough, hard, durable, and sometimes irregular in shape. Pressed brick is made by a dry-press process, rather than by kiln firing. edges, and perfectly square corners. Ordinarily, they are used like face brick.

Pressed bricks have regular smooth faces,sharp

Glazed brick has one surface coated with a

whiteor colour ceramic glazing. The glazing forms whenmineral ingredients fuse together in a glasslike coatingduring burning. Glazed bricks are particularly suitedto walls or partitions in hospitals, dairies, laboratories,and other structures requiring sanitary conditions andease of cleaning. Thisclay is very pure and uniform and is able to withstandthe high temperatures of fireplaces, boilers, andsimilar constructions holes each-extending through their beds to reduce weight. Walls built from cored brick are not much different in strength than walls built from solid brick .

Fire brick is made from a special type of clay.

Cored bricks have ten holes two rows of five

Stabilised Compressed Earth Block

The Stabilised Compressed Earth Block (SCEB) Technology

offers a cost effective, environmentally sound masonry system. The stabilised compressed earth block has a wide application in construction for walling, roofing, arched openings, corbels etc. raw material earth mixed with a

Stabilised earth blocks are manufactured by compacting stabilised such as cement or lime under a pressure of 20

40 kg/cm using manual soil press such as Balram. A number of manual and hydraulic machines are available in India. raw earth to attain dense, even sized masonry. Some of the hydraulic machine can even manufacture interlocking blocks. mortar less construction.

The basic principle of all the machines is the compaction of

These interlocking blocks are highly suitable for speedy and The most important factor that affects the quality of a

compressed earth block is the composition of the soil mix used to manufacture the blocks. The physical properties of soil have greater relevance in the manufacture of compressed earth block. They include colour, particle size break-up, structural stability, adhesion, bulk density capillary, porosity, specific heat, moisture content, permeability, linear contraction and dry strength. blocks. Such soils require little stabilisation to achieve block strength 20 kg/sq. cm. with the BALRAM machine. The optimum soil composition for compressed soil/mud block is 7% gravel, 53% sand, 20% silt and 20% clay.

Soil classified, as clayey sands are excellent for making

 The compressed earth block overcomes these

limitations by an increase in block density through compaction using a mechanic press. The water content in soil is low for compaction as compared to the puddle clay required for mud bricks and ensures much greater dimensional stability. A block :has high density which varies between 1.8 and 2.1 gm/c.c., this gives more load bearing capacity and improved water resistance. - is low cost - is easy to manufacture locally by small group of people4 - is low in energy consumption because no fuel is burnt for block making or transportation - can use soil available at site - has smooth surfaces With these advantages a compressed earth block can be used for construction ofhouses. Greater design care and stabilisation enable the construction of more ambitious structures that need less maintenance and are longer lasting.

 Low energy and emissions Uniform size High strength Thermal insulation Versatile Cost effective

Advantages

Fly Ash Brick

Fly Ash Brick, machine made Bricks are

manufactured as per the industrial standards by using latest concrete compact technology which involves pressing load that helps in constructing bricks of higher compressive strength & low water absorption. Fly Ash Brick is widely appreciated for the following features:

Low water absorption capability Dimensional accurate High Compressive Strength Durability Uniform Shape

Apart from these, we also offer concrete bricks, cement bricks, blocks and square concrete bricks. These can be provided to our clients in customized shapes, sizes, colours and dimensions as per their usage requirements.
Raw Materials that is required for fly ash brick Fly Ash Stone grit Crushed sand Cement or lime

STONE The history of mankind to have begun wiyh the stone age merked by the use of implements weapons made of stone. The discory of stone age article from Palghat in kerala. And stone buildings of the late archeuliam to lower middle paliolithic perioc of fifty thousand B.C. established the early use of stone as building material in the indian subcontinent. Stone has been defined as natural , heard substance form from mineralk and earth materisl, which are present in rock. Rock may be defined as the portio0n of the earth crustr having no definite shape and structure.

Classification of building stone Except serpentine and stone all important building stones can be classified into three main groups. Igneous ignious rocks such as granite and besalt are the result of solidification from a molten state. Sedimentary sedimentary rocks are composed of sand, clay and other substance resulting from a disintigration of stone into small particles. Metamorphic rocks it is a product of both ignious and sedimentary rocks form either by pressure, heat action of water or a combination of water.

Uses of stone Use of stone in building material depend upon the nature of the work , type of the structural element in which it is to be use and its quality availability and transportation cost. For structural purposes granite gneiss trap , sand stone, lime stone, marble , quartzite and slate are most useful. Foundation and wall items quarry , split and sawn stone from rock are used to erect the substructure of building. Piece stone sawn and split from lime ston e , sand stone, dolamite and volconic tuff are used for walls , piers, abutement etc. Facing and architectural items facing slab and stone ,stairs and landing, parapet etc are made of slabs sawn or split from semi-finished product blocks with glossy dull, ground, sawn, pointed, fluted or rock finish. Facing slab stone of granite, besalt, gabbro, marbel, breccia, limestone, sandstone and volcanic tuff are generally used.

Masonry Using The Rat-Trap Bond Technology

Introduction The rat-trap bond technology has been developed by Architect Laurie Baker with the HABITAT Resource Centre in India andis a result of its experimentations in cost-effective housing technologies conducted over 40 years. This technology has been used in India for over 20 years and has been successfully adopted in Sri Lanka by Practical Action in partnership with a local community based organisation called the Rural Centre for Development (also known by the Sinhala acronym, `Sangrama)

 The rat-trap brick wall can be constructed in 8 or 9thicknesses Its strength is equal to standard 9 brick wall, but consumes 20% less bricks (it is also considered more earthquake resistant, based on observations made after an earthquake). The air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building. As the construction is appealing to the eye both internally& externally, plastering is not necessary. 100 square feet of this wall will cost only LKR. 6,454/- as against the traditional 9 wall that costs LKR. 8,759/-.(These amounts are as of March 2005). The overall cost saving on this wall compared to the traditional 9 wall is about 26%.

The rat-trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on

their sides having a cavity of 4? (100 mm), with alternate course of stretchers and headers.The headers and stretchers are staggered in subsequent layers to give more strength to the walls.

Advantages:-

Strength is equal to standard 9" (229mm) brick wall, but consumes 20% less bricks The air medium that is created by the bond helps maintaining a good thermal comfort inside the building As the construction is appealing to the eye from both internally & externally, plastering is not necessary The overall saving on cost of this wall compared to the traditional 9" wall is about 25% An ideal mechanism for the congested low-income communities where land is scarce, but building a standard up-stair house is not a financially viable option It is true that open wiring and plumbing is preferred. But, if you plan your services at an early stage of design, it can enrich your building. You can also save on plastering cost and materials, and on future costs of re-painting (it's maintenance-free).

This technology has about 25% overall-saving on cost of a building of traditional 9" construction. The structure has proven its strength to go up to three floors with the support of brick columns. With this technique there is reduction in cost of the wall by 25% as with conventional English bond (9thk wall) 350 bricks are required per cu. m whereas in Rattrap bond only 280 bricks are required and also the reduced number of joints reduces the mortar consumption.

Disadvantages:It has to be done by masons trained in rat trap bond, because there could be wastage of mortar falling into the gap. The other disadvantage is in using concealed wiring and plumbing. If you break one brick, then more than one brick will fall down

For extra stability:- Vertical Rod should be placed at 125mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (TJoint)

For extra stability:- Vertical Rod should be placed at 245mm from the inner face of the Brickwork Rat-trap Bond (L-Joint)

CSV Mud House

Tile faced mud block technology Conical tiles arch roof Frameless door & windows Terracotta Flooring

Tile-faced Mud Blocks

Several combinations of the locally available

Black Cotton (BC) soil, which has good binding properties, with bhaswa and murram (hard soil) are possible for making adobe blocks. strong blocks with reasonable stability through moisture cycles. However, the exterior face of a mud wall succumbs to weathering and consequent erosion necessitating maintenance cycles beyond the time resources of poor daily-wage labourers. dilapidated walls.

One part of BC soil to four parts of murram makes

This enforced neglect is commonly noticed in CSVs Wardha Blocks have combined the low cost of

mud with weather resistance of terra cotta.

One face of the block is provided with a weatherproof

skin, a bunt clay tile with a dovetail key at the back to anchor it to the block. Red clay pottery continues to be a traditional skill in the region. this new product.

These tiles draw on these skills and resources, for

 The tiles are made with simple techniques using

wooden moulds. The face tiles measures 9 x 4 x and has a key 1key projection. Householders can also make it. then be baked locally by the village potter. Each face tile costs 40 p. or less.

One woman can make 250 such tiles a day, which can

The mud block wall is rain proof and rodent proof. With no need of a press or ram or concrete or any

other binding material, ordinary mud is used to make 230thick walls using tile faced mud blocks of 100thk and filling the masonry joints with cement pointing. soil or clayey soil, using 230 X 230 wood or steel mould in which facing tile is kept on one side and then it is filled with mud mix by hands.

The mud blocks are made from 80% murum & 20% BC

If required inner surface of the wall can also be tiled. For internal walls mud blocks of 300 X 230 thk are

made without facing tiles for which appropriate moulds areused.

can themselves make the blocks. For a villager

houseof 250-sqft only three days labour is required for block making. Each block costs about Rs. 1.50/(withoutfacing tile).

Construction of tile faced mud block wall outer view

Tile Faced Mud Block

Making of Tile Faced Mud Blocks and face tiles

Detailed process of making of tile faced mud blocks:

Tile faced mud blocks drying in sunlight TILE FACED MUD BLOCK WALL CONSTRUCTION

Outside View

Inside View, Mud Plastering

FACED TILES
Burnt Clay Face Tile

MAKING OF FACED WALL TILES

1 2

Guna Vault Roof:

Guna in Telugu, is a tapering, burnt clay pipe. The

familiar semi-cylindrical pan tiles are obtained by splitting such pipes vertically into two. another forming an arch over a suitably curved shuttering.

These Guna tapering pipes can be socketed into one

A series of such arches make a barrel vault capable of

withstanding considerable loads upto 1 ton/m2.

The top of the roof is given a plaster finish. After

joints are filled and topped with plaster, the roof becomes rigid and waterproof, doing totally without steel or timber.

The cost of this roof works out to Rs. 20/sq.ft. The roof needs neither wood nor steel and is most

suitable for disaster prone areas like flood & earthquake as it is quick to build, comfortable to live and low in cost

Guna Vault Roof has the following advantages:

Air inside the hollow-tiled roof protects from heat

and cold. A 10o temperature difference is observed in slab roof and guna vault roof. 1000 kg/m2.

It has no under structure, yet can bear weight of It is fabricated and ready for use within 3 days. Requires no maintenance and has life span of more

than 50 years.

It is not affected by rain, hail or wind. Being light in weight (less than 12 kg/sq.ft). the

vault roof is safe even in earthquakes. intact residing on pillars and beams.

Even if the mud walls collapse, the roof remains

After construction of brick pillars, ring beams and gable walls, the M.S. trusses are placed inposition above the opposite pillars held with guy ropes and timber poles. Now GI pipes (12 mm dia., 10 nos.) are placed on the trusses in the MS rings provided at specific points.
They are supported by gable walls at both ends.

Guna pipes are now laid dry on this skeleton shuttering in a plug-socket manner, completing the roof ring by ring. trowelling it into the gaps and leaving the top rough to receive the finishing coat. 12 hours to allow natural setting.

Lime/cement mortar is now poured on the roof,

Care is taken to remove the skeleton support within

PREPARATION OF CLAY FOR THE MAKING OF GUNA TILES & FACED WALL TILES

MAKING OF GUNA TILES ON THE POTTERWHEEL

BAKING OF GUNA TILES IN THE KILN (Loading process)

BURNING OF TILES IN THE POTTERY KILN

BAKING OF CONICAL TILES IN THE KILN (Unloading process)

DETAILS OF ROOF CENTERING

FIXING OF CONICAL TILES OVER CENTERING

LAYING OF CONICAL TILES BY INSERTING THEM IN TO EACH OTHER

CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF INSIDE VIEW (Ready for plaster)

CONICAL TILE ARCH ROOF First coat of Plaster

REMOVING THE CENTERING AFTER PLASTERING

GUNA TILE ARCH ROOF Second coat of Cement Plaster completed

CONICAL TILED ARCH ROOF DETAILS

3.FLOORING is IPS (Indian Patent Stone) finished

in green colour, with brick red borders. terracotta tile or stone tile, finished.
Alternatively, flooring can also be, mud or

DOOR WINDOW frames are fabricated in mild steel, with horizontal guard bars and fixed in position by hold-fasts to the brick columns. Main door shutters and window shutter are in bamboo battened teak wood, where as internal doors are in block board. WINDOW DRESSING is done in pull up woven jute bamboo mat blinds. It absorbs heat and keep the interiors cool and add to the beauty of house

4. Plastering
a. b. c. d. e.

Alternatives to Cement, sand, plaster of paris, gypsum Calcium Silicate Plaster Cement Plaster Use of Fiber reinforced clay plaster Phosphor-Gypsum Plaster Non-erodable Mud Plaster

Gypsum plaster
Gypsum plaster is very safe from fire cause it has some kind materials cannot burn by fire. So gypsum plaster not only use byceiling design or interiors design butin other countries they useas passsive fire protection and fireproofing too.The plaster provides a layer of insulation to retard heat flow into structural steel elements, that would otherwise lose their strength and collapse in a fire If we use agypsum plasterto make ourceiling designwe have a lot off advantage. One of the advantage is this gypsum plaster has save from fire.Gypsum plastereasier for the installation cause just have many step. Gypsum plaster free from insect.

NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER

Critical Factors

1. Proportion of mud and bitumen 2. Mixing of mud 3. Finishing 4. Availability of bitumen

1. Mud should be thoroughly mixed with rice husk 2. For every 0.035cum of soil add 2 kg of cut back bitumen 3. Mud wall should be plain and free from cracks before applying the mortar

NON-ERODIBLE MUD PLASTER

Construction Process
Take measured quatity of rice husk

Add mud to the collected rice husk Add bitumen to the mud mix and knead

knead thoroughly

Collect the prepared mud mortar into pans for plastering

Sprinkle water over the wall surface and apply mud plaster

Plaster the outer wall surface which is exposed to rain water

Allow the plaster to dry for two days and apply cow dung

Calcium Silicate Plaster Ceiling

1 Characteristic: It is a new type of decorative material, made of gypsum power, fiber calcium and silicate with a reinforcing chemical formula. 2 Strength: with the unique intensity enhanced formula, ATY series have overcome the low intensity and the weakness of fragility of ordinary plasterboard. It possesses higher strength than the traditional paper surfaced plasterboard. In addition, it is tested that it does not smash while falling to the cement ground freely within one-meter high. 3 Fireproof: Class A incombustibility 4 Waterproof: ATY calcium silicate gypsum ceiling is made by the ATY unique waterproof chemical formula, possesses a well performed waterproof feature. The product does not distort after immersing in water. There is no water stain after drying.

Performance
Fireproof

Class A incombustibility
Environmental friendly

Gypsum is a widely used building material with long history; the feature of white colour and environmental friendly is widely recognized in the industry.
Humidity absorption

Gypsum absorbs the moist in the air, adjusting the indoor temperature, enjoys the reputation of natural air conditioning.
Waterproof

The product does not distort after immersing in water for 48hours; it can be used in the environment with above 95% humidity

5. Roofing and ceilinga.

b. c.

Alternatives to Ferrous / non-ferrous sheets, tiles, thatch Fibre Reinforced Polymer Plastics instead of PVC and Foam PVC, Polycarbonates, acrylics & plastics Micro Concrete Roofing Tiles Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets

Bamboo Matt Corrugated Roofing Sheets

Raw Material:
Bamboo mat Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyurethane coating

Bamboo Mat Corrugated Sheets

The main raw material for the production of BMCS is

bamboo, which is the fastest growing plant and occurs naturally in the forests and is also suitable for plantation even over degraded lands.Formanufacturing BMCS, bamboo is to be converted into mats that are hand woven by rural/tribal people, particularly women. Thus, the product is both environment and people friendly

The technology for manufacture of. Bamboo Mat

Corrugated Roofing Sheet has been transferred to an entrepreneur

Fiber Reinforced Plan Roof Sheet

Leveraging on our sophisticated infrastructure

and in depth knowledge of our team we are able to manufacture optimum quality of fiber reinforced plastic roof sheets. Some of the salient features of our roof sheets, for which they are widely used, includes the following:Durable

Corrosion resistance High grade material

durable and long lasting plain roofing fiber reinforced plastic sheets that is one of our most popular products. Widely used in various industries the product has the following features:Corrosion resistance Simple setup Sturdy construction Flexible These sheets are ideally suitable for factory shades, warehouses, swimming pools, gardens, terrace, open to sky areas, parking areas of multi storeyed buildings and shopping complexes.

6. Flooring, paving and road work

Alternatives to wood, stone, ceramics, concrete
a. b. c.

Fly ash / industrial waste / pulverized debris blocks in BPC Lime-pozzolana concrete paving blocks for all outdoor paving. Bedding sand from pulverized debris

7. Tiles for interiors

a. b. c. d. e. f.

Terrazzo floor for terraces and semi covered areas Ceramic tiles (non-vitrified) Mosaic Tiles/ Terrazzo Flooring Cement Tiles Phospho-Gypsum Tiles Bamboo Board Flooring

Eco-Friendly Resilient and Hardwood Flooring

Linoleum, Cork, and Bamboo

FSC Wood Flooring

Linoleum, Cork and Bamboo:

Rapidly renewable, natural materials

Linoleum
All natural, renewable materials Durable and low-maintenance

material
Virtually limitless creative design

opportunities, countertops included!

Creating e nergy at the end of its useful life.

Cork Flooring
Rapidly renewable material with superior

durability characteristics

Can be stained to match virtually any color Natural buoyancy allows for comfort underfoot Absorbs sound in noisy interiors.

Bamboo
Rapidly renewable material Incredibly durable great

life cycle!
Beautiful design possibilities Two basic types of bamboo flooring: Strand and

Solid

Available from sustainably managed sources

Eco-Friendly Countertops:
Recycled Glass 85% glass 100% of the glass is recycled in the USA Manufactured in the USA Diverts waste from the landfill Cradle to Cradle Certified No off-gassing

Recycled glass, paper, and plastic

Compressed Paper
Up to 100% Post Consumer recycled paper Diverts waste from the landfill PaperStone Certified contains 100% recycled paper and is certified by the FSC. Recycled Plastic Recycled Plastic: 3-Form 100% 100% recycled plastic Diverts waste from the landfill Up-cycled into higher quality Reduces the demand for virgin materials Entirely Recyclable

EARTH FLOORING
1. Remove all organic matter from earth 2. Mud should be thoroughly mixed

8. Windows, Doors and openings

Steel, aluminum, timber, glass, R.C.C., PVC, Stone a. Ferro cement and Pre-cast R.C.C. lintel, chajja and jalis b. Masonry bond combinations for jali work Alternatives to Timber and Aluminum / Steel frames a. Ferrocement b. Pre-cast R.C.C. Frames/ Frameless Doors c. Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Frames d. Hollow recycled steel channels and recycled Aluminium Channels and Components Shutters and Panels alternatives to timber, plywood, glass, aluminum a. Red Mud based Composite door shutters, b. Laminated Hollow Composite Shutters c. Other wood alternatives

9. Electrical
Alternatives for Aluminum, brass, PVC, G.I., S.S. a. Use unplasticised PVC or HDPE products b. Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components

10. Water supply, Sanitary and Plumbing System

a. b.

c. d.

R.C.C., uPVC, G.I., C.I. pipes instead of lead, A.C. pipes Where applicable use products with recycled aluminum and brass components for fittings, fixtures and accessories Use Polymer Plastic (Random) hot / cold water system instead of G.I. Manholes and covers - use Pre-cast cement concrete and high strength unplasticised PVC instead of C.I.

11. Wood

Renewable timber from plantations with species having not more than 10 year cycle or timber from a government certified forest / plantation or timber from salvaged wood Plywood should be phenol bonded and not urea bonded Use of MDF Board Instead of Plywood: Bamboo Ply/Mat Board/ Fibre Reinforced Polymer Board,/ Bagasse Board /Coir Composite Board /Bamboo mat Veneer Composite/ Finger Jointed Plantation Timber Board / Recycled Laminated Tube Board / Aluminium-Foil+Paper+Plastic Composite Board. Use of Mica Laminates and Veneer on Composite boards instead of natural timber.

12. Water proofing chemicals, additives, sealants and adhesives

a. b.

Use of water based chemicals instead of solvent based. Epoxy resins instead of tar felt / pitch

13.Painting, Polishing, Priming and similar surface finishing

a. b. Use of Cement Paint / Epoxy Resin Paint for external surfaces Use of Water based paints, enamels, primers and polishes

Conclusion:
Eco friendly locally available materials and

there techniques are simple to use ,costless and environment safe.

Bibliography:
http://www.naturalbuilthome.com/ http://www.green2green.org/ http://www.greenhomeguide.org/ http://www.buildingreuse.org/ http://www.fsc.org/ http://www.thenaturalstep.org/com/nyStart/ EnviroGadget.com

http://www.buildingmaterial.org/ www.automation-drive.com/concrete-block A handbook of csv housing technology. http://www.naturalbuilthome.com/

http://www.green2green.org/ http://www.greenhomeguide.org/ http://www.buildingreuse.org/ http://www.fsc.org/ http://www.thenaturalstep.org/com/nyStart/

Seminar on eco friendly building material by Mrs. Zigisha Mhaskar

THANK

YOU.