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Just as eating against ones will is injurious to health, so study without a liking for it spoils the memory, and it retains nothing it
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Politics

Power Analysis: A Broader View

Organizational Power
Coercive Power - influence through threat of punishment, fear, or intimidation Utilitarian Power - influence through rewards and benefits Normative Power - influence through knowledge of belonging, doing the right thing

Power Analysis: A Broader View

Organizational Membership
Alienative Membership - members feel hostile, negative, do not want to be there Calculative Membership - members weigh benefits and limitations of belonging Moral Membership - members have positive organizational feelings; will deny own needs

 It is closely related to social power. It may be defined as recognizing and releasing into the organization the power that people have in their wealth of useful knowledge and internal motivation Authority to make decisions without having to first get approval. Its characteristics are: employees are encouraged to use their own initiatives and empowered employees are not only provided authority but also resources to implement the decisions. Giving Power and Authority Away have some risk as well It must be embedded in organizations cultural

emPOWERment

Organizational Politics:
The use organizations of power

Political Behavior in Organizations

and influence in

Political Behavior:
Actions not officially sanctioned by an organization that are taken to influence others in order to meet ones personal goals. Organizations are political due to following areas: 1.Resources 2.Decisions 3.Goals

1. Information strategy:

Specific Political Strategies for Power Acquisition

Targets political decision makers by providing information through lobbying* or technical papers. 2. Financial Incentive Strategy: Targets political decisions makers by providing financial incentives such as honoraria for speaking or paid travel. 3. Constituency Building Strategy: Targets political decisions makers indirectly through constituent support such as grassroots mobilizations of employees, suppliers, customers, or public relations.

Political Strategies for Attaining Power

Political Tactics Derived from Research

Advice to Managers
Recognize that power and politics influence Recognize that power and politics influence all behavior in organizations and that it is all behavior in organizations and that it is necessary to develop the skills to be able necessary to develop the skills to be able to understand and manage them. to understand and manage them. Analyze the sources of power in the Analyze the sources of power in the function, division, and organization in function, division, and organization in which you work to identify powerful people which you work to identify powerful people and the organizations power structure. and the organizations power structure. To To influence influence organizational organizational decision decision making and your chances of promotion, try making and your chances of promotion, try to develop a personal power base to to develop a personal power base to increase your visibility and individual increase your visibility and individual power. power.

Questions

Thanks to Allah

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