CONTENTS

What is electronics? De-merits of electronics Green Electronics as a solution What is Green Electronics? Methods in Green Electronics

The branch of physics and technology I think I thought it would be concerned with
important for electronics as we

the design of circuits using transistors simpler business and electronics and microchips, and
was mostly radio and television

knew it then, but that was a much

the behaviour and movement of Jack a electrons in Kilby semiconductor, conductor, vacuum, or gas

and the first computers.

ELECTRONICS
In the 21st century we are enjoying well developed electronics Everyday we deal with the electronic devices several times,

from toys for children to highly efficient digital systems

Electronics made life easier effortless

But this omnipresence has a seamy underside!!!

Certain materials used in electronic products are toxic and pose a threat to the environment Among the harmful elements are

1. Lead
2. Cadmium 3. Mercury

4. Polybrominated diphenyl ether

(PBDE)

Destroying the e-waste including computers and other

electronic devices and components by burning.

E-waste can be disposed in three ways:

But this waste contributes significantly to heavy metals Incineration

and halogen Ted substances.

variety of different substances found together in electro

scrapRecycling incineration is dangerous

Land-filling

Land-filling
Disposing the e-waste by burying it

But all landfills leak For instance,

when brominates flame-retarded plastic or cadmiumcontaining plastics are land-filled, both PBDE and cadmium may leach into the soil and ground water.

Recycling
The waste amount from electrical and electronic equipment is rapidly increasing, partly because of the growing demand, and partly because

of the still shorter life-cycle of equipment.

Landfill and Incineration are not complete solutions.

To minimize waste the solutions are: 1. Extended life of equipment (repair/upgrade) 2. Re-use 3. Recycling

Recycling of hazardous products has little environmental benefit -it simply moves the hazards into secondary products that eventually have to be disposed of. Unless the goal is to redesign the product to use non- hazardous materials, such recycling is a false solution.

When incinerated, lead contents become easily soluble, leading to increased And, this improved way is leaching from the landfills where residues from waste incineration end up.
Hazardous emissions to the air result from the recycling of e-waste containing heavy metals, such as lead and cadmium. These emissions couldGETTING GREENER be significantly reduced by pretreatment operations. IMPLEMENTING LEAD-FREE AND ECOFRIENDLY ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENTS

An improved way must be invented.

WHAT IS GREEN ELECTRONICS?

Electronic products and components that have minimum environmental effects throughout their lifecycle No environmentally harmful materials used (WEE / RoHS) Eco-efficient manufacturing process

Consume less power (in operation and stand-by modes)

Fully recyclable, no hazardous waste

New electronics applications that enable sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions both in industrial and consumer sectors

ECO DESIGN - HOW TO GET STARTED?

There are three mains steps to take: Establish specific and measurable environmental targets for each product-type, and specify these targets in the requirements specification Include the environmental issues in the agenda for design reviews during the development phases

Establish metrics in order to make the environmental performance of the products visible and measurable

USE LESS MATERIALS

Minimize the equipment weight

Specify materials with established recycling systems (steel,

aluminium, pure thermoplastics etc.) Specify the use of recycled materials (primarily polymers) Consider alternatives to materials listed as limited resources Minimize material waste during production

REDUCE ENERGY USE

Design with automatic power-down and stand-by functions Switch off parts of the circuit, which are not in use all the time

Change clock-frequencies dependant on the need for speed

Consider power consumption when choosing components

and component-families
Priorities high efficiency in power supplies

lower power consumption

lower temperature

longer life

higher reliability

less need for cooling /fans

lower Cost-of-Ownership

Minimize waste
Design equipment with possibilities for repair, upgradability and reuse Design for recycling means:

1.
2.

easy to dismantle
easy to obtain 'clean' material-fractions, that can be recycled (e.g. iron and copper should be easy to separate)

3.
4. 5. 6.

easy to remove parts/components, that must be treated separately

use as few different materials as possible mark the materials/polymers in order to sort them correct avoid surface treatment in order to keep the materials 'clean'

silver (Ag), tin (Sn), copper (Cu)

Lead (Pb)

Phase out or minimize use of substances/chemicals - it seems sound to avoid lead in tin solders and to use other metals.

Use of modern production equipment

The soldering process takes place in closed systems, reduces or eliminates the risk of human exposure in work-related situations.
Changing to lead-free alloys is uncertain seen from an eco-toxicological perspective because it is uncertain how the alternative metals spread and degrade. Silver, for example, which is present in almost all lead-free alternatives, is far more toxic to aquatic organisms than lead.

THANK YOU

The electronic computer equipment is a complicated assembly of more than 1000 materials, many of which are highly toxic: 1. chlorinated and brominate substances 2. toxic gases

3. toxic metals
4. photoactive and biologically active materials 5. acids 6. plastics and plastic additives

DRIVERS/MOTIVATORS OF GOING GREEN

80 70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 Potential Growth Corporate Meeting New Ability to enter Green image competitive opportunity for social customer technology new markets advantage company responsibility expectations / opportunities requirements Product Potential cost development savings Leverage existing markets

EXAMPLES OF GREEN ELECTRONICS

Electronics products that consume less energy LED lightning, low-power electronics Portable devices Non-toxic, eco-efficient products and manufacturing processes Printed (disposable) sensors, recyclability RFID in life-cycle management Energy solutions Printed solar cells, Energy harvesting Energy storage technologies, batteries Environmental monitoring (Industrial) emissions measurement (CO2, ), Quality monitoring of liquid and solid fuels Environmentally friendly electronics solutions Water taps with optical sensors, sensor technologies for monitoring industrial processes

The ever-increasing functionality of information technology (IT) products is enabled by semiconductors.

Lead is the glue that binds all the semiconductor devices to make them work efficiently. Without lead solders and leaded glass

you would not be able to safely sit in front of your computer.

Lead alloy solders enable your computer to send electronic data.

Lead can meet performance requirements in a cost-efficient manner. Lead can be easily remoulded and refined. Lead has the highest recycling rate of all the industrial metals in the world. Leads natural properties are well suited to electronics applications: low melting point high strength ductility fatigue resistance high thermal cycling joint integrity corrosion resistance malleability long life