1

Web services and E-Business:

Technologies, Standards, and Adoption
Minder Chen, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Decision Sciences and MIS Area Coordinator
School of Management
George Mason University
Email: mchen@gmu.edu
Dec. 21, 2004
ERP

05/29/12
Information Systems Triad

Operational
Database
Informational
Database
Enterprise
Workflow
OLTP
DSS
EIS
Data
Information
Knowledge
Messaging Systems
Workgroup Workflow
Business
Process
Workflow
R/3 Logistics Process Flow

MRP
MRP

PP :

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/
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ERS
ERS


LIS

05/29/12
Architecture of Data Warehouse

Corporate
Operational
Database
Information Warehouse
End User
Access Tools

EIS
DSS
Report Writers
Spreadsheets
Summarized
Detailed
Past
Current
Data
Bridging
Business
Event
Information
Data extraction
Data filtering
Table joining

Translation

Re-Formatting
Projecte
d
Derived
Data
Bridging/
Transformati
on
A Federation of Information Systems
7
Buzz Words
Service Digitization
E-business on Demand
E-Service on Demand
Real-time Enterprise
Straight-Through Processing (STP)
Web Services
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Multi-Channel Services
Self-Services
Enterprise Portal
CPFR - Collaborative Planning,
Forecasting and Replenishment
Computing Grid
BPM
BPO
8
Straight-Through Process (STP)

U.S. financial services firms face a 2004

deadline to move to a trade-day-plus-one
(T+1) cycle for processing trades. To meet
this requirement, the industry will invest
some $8 billion in IT infrastructure,
applications, training, development and
delivery services--much of it related to
straight-through processing (STP)
technology.
9
10
GE
Source: ebstrategy.com
11
Blueprint for Wal-Marts Digitization
Source: ebstrategy.com

Evolution Towards Web Services

An Introduction to XML and SOAP

Web Services Architecture and

Standards

.NET Framework

E-Business and Web Services

Web Service Research

Opportunities
Web Services
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
Blinds and Elephants
Though each was partly in the right, and all were in the wrong!
Elephant illustration (c)2002 Jason Hunt; naturalchild.org/jason
It is
massive as
a wall.
It moves air
like a fan.
It is sharp
like a spear.
It is soft
like a rope.
It is sneaky
like a snake.
It stands solid
like a tree.
Elephant illustration (c)2002 Jason Hunt; naturalchild.org/jason
It is
massive as
a wall.
It moves air
like a fan.
It is sharp
like a spear.
It is sneaky
like a snake.
It stands solid
like a tree.
Diversified Views on Web
Services
Web
services
?
It is soft
like a rope.
Programmable Web
XML, SOAP,
WSDL, UDDI
Business
Processes
& Services
Modularized
ASP,
WS Grids
EDI, XML,
B2B, SCM
RPC, Corba,
RMI, DCOM
Definition of Web Service

Loosely coupled, reusable software components

that
semantically encapsulate discrete functionality and
are
distributed and programmatically accessible over
standard
Internet protocols.

Web services are a stack of emerging standards

that
describe a service-oriented, component-based
application
architecture.

Web services represent a model in which discrete

tasks
within e-business processes are distributed widely

throughout a value net.
-- The Stencil
Group
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
Distributed
Computing

Remote Procedure Call (RPC)

Message Queue:

MQSeries (IBM)

Message Queue (Microsoft)

Common Object Request Broker Architecture

(CORBA)

Distributed Common Object Model (DCOM)

Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI)

J2EE - Enterprise Java Bean*

Minder Chen, 2001-2005
HTTP and Firewalls
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
Firewall
Port 80 & 443
DCOM
Service
Web
Service
RMI
Service
Client
Where Is the Web
going?
Static
Content
Web
Dynamic
Interactive
Web
Integrated
Programmable
Web

HTML

Dynamic HTML (JavaScript)

CGI (using Perl, etc.)

ColdFusion, ASP, Java Servlet, JSP

ASP.NET

XML (Document interchange)

XML

Web Services (SOAP, WSDL, UDDI)

Minder Chen, 2001-2005

XML DTD
files

XSD files
Validation
XML/XSL
Applications
XML
definition
languages

XML 1.0
XML
Schemas
XSL
Standards
Standard XML software
Application files
XML Standards
XML
Parsers

DOM
SAX
Generated
documents
formatted
in:
HTML & CSS
XML
WML
XML
documents
XSL files
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
SOAP

SOAP: "Simple Object Access Protocol

XML-RPC

SOAP 1.1

SOAP 1.2 (Working Draft)

XML-based lightweight protocol for exchanging

information in a decentralized, distributed,
heterogeneous environment

Encapsulates the ability to make RPC Calls

Data Encoding (serializing and de-serializing)

Message Structure

Message-Processing

Minder Chen, 2001-2005
SOAP

The SOAP Envelope is an XML-based message

format:

HEAD

BODY

Bindings for exchanging SOAP envelopes

HTTP-SOAP, HTTP-GET, HTTP-POST

SMTP

FTP

Messaging queuing
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
Proxy
object
XML
Web
Service
object
SOAP
messa
ge
XML
SOAP
messa
ge
XML
SOAP
messa
ge
XML
SOAP
messa
ge
XML
SOAP Envelope
HTTP
Header
SOAP
request
XML Data
Attachments
SOAP
response
Phase 2
Deserialize
Phase 3
Serialize
Phase 1
Serialize
Phase 4
Deserialize
Web
Server
Client
XML Web Service Lifetime &
Demo
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
Develop & Deploy Web
Services
Add Web
Ref
HTTP/WSD
L
WSClass.Method
() as
ReturnedDataTy
pe
HTTP-SOAP-IN Message
Web Services Provider
Web Services
Consumer
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
Web Service
Source Code
(Server)
Compiler
VS.NET
.NET Client
Platform
Web Service
Proxy Code
Client
Application
Web Service
Proxy Code
(client)
Compiler
Client
Source Code
VS.NET
Web Services
Application Server
Web Service
Executables
Deploy
WSDL
HTTP-SOAP-
OUT
DEMO: Web Service
on .NET

Create a web service in VS .NET

Exposing a method (operation) through a web

service

Expose an operation in the web service class

as a Web method.

Review the generated Web Service Description

Language (WSDL)

Test the Web services

Consume the web service from a client using

ASP.NET web form

Create an ASP.NET web application

Add a web reference and generate a web

service proxy

Invoke operations of the web service

Integrate the returned results into the client

application
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
R
e
g
i
s
t
e
r
F
i
n
d
Bind
Invok
e
W
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D
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U
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f
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w
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v
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e
s
C
C
C
SOAP Request
SOAP Response

C
Web Services Model /
Architecture
WSDL URL
WSDL File
C
C
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
Service
Registries
Public UDDI
Private UDDI
Web
Service
Consumers
Web
Service
Providers
Role Operation Data flow
Data/Message
C
Layer of services Layer of services Standards (Public and Private) Standards (Public and Private)
Business Process and/or
Service Workflow
definitions
Microsoft's XLANG, IBM's WSFL,
ebXML's Trading Partner Agreement,
RosettaNet's Partner Interface Process
(PIP)
Service Publication and
Discovery
UDDI, ebXML Registries
Service Description WSDL in XML format
Service Messaging SOAP in XML format
Message and Data Format XML Schema
Network Transport HTTP, SMTP, FTP, etc.
S
e
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y
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(
Q
o
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)

M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
Complementary
Standards
Web Services Architecture Stacks
I
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v
a
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s
E
a
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l
y

A
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y

M
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M
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L
a
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s
Chasm Chasm
W
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H
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h
M
a
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u
r
i
t
y

D
e
c
l
i
n
e

Technology Adoption Life Cycle and E-Business Standards
EAI
SCM
Dynamic
E-Business
Content
Management
B2B
E-Commerce
EAI
Total number
of adopters
Adoption
Rate
Time
<Processes>
Adoption and
Diffusion
Decision
<Controls>
Decision
Criteria
Strategic
Financial
Technical
Organizational
Factors
Company size &
Industry type
Organizational
culture
IT infrastructure
IT skill set
Stakeholders
Customers &
Suppliers
IT Product Vendors
Systems Integrators
Internal IS
Organizations
IT Standards
Characteristics
Relative advantage
Compatibility
Complexity
Trialability

Observability
<Outputs>
Decision Outcomes
What standards
What applications
What tools
When to adopt
How to implement
Who should be
involved
How much resources
Factors Affecting E-Business Standards Adoption
<Mechanisms>
Decision Maker

CEO
CIO/CTO
IT Architect
IT Project Manager
<Inputs>
IT
Users
IT
Vendors
Standard
Bodies
Development tools
Infrastructure systems
Open standards
Propriety
standards
Applications
IT Infrastructures
Participate by
giving feedbacks on
practical usefulness
Participate by
contributing some IPs
Influence standard adoption
adopt
support
use
develop
develop develop
Ecology of Standard Development and Adoption
compete /
cooperate
compete /
cooperate
Distributed Computing Architecture
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
Thin
Client
Rich
Client
F
i
r
e
w
a
l
l
Databases
Legacy Systems
External
Applications
B
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s
i
n
e
s
s

L
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D
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S
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P
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HTML
XML
(B2B)
D
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T
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l
s
S
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S
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What is .NET
Industry View
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
.
.NET Framework:
Architecture View
V
i
s
u
a
l

S
t
u
d
i
o
.
N
E
T
VB C++ C# JScript J#
Common Language Specification/
Intermediate Language
ASP.NET
Web Forms Web
Services
Mobile Internet Toolkit
Windows
Forms
ADO.NET and XML
Base Class Library
Common Language Runtime
Operating System
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
V
i
s
u
a
l

S
t
u
d
i
o
.
N
E
T
VB C++ C# JScript J#
Common Language Specification/
Intermediate Language
ASP.NET
Web Forms Web
Services
Mobile Internet Toolkit
Windows
Forms
ADO.NET and XML
Base Class Library
Swing
Java Foundation Class (JFC)
JDBC / XML SAX&DOM Parser
J
D
K
,

B
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e
J
,

J
D
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p
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,

J
B
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,

W
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S
t
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,

F
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r
t
e
,

V
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s
u
a
l

C
a
f

,

e
t
c
.
Java Programming Language
Java Byte Code
Java Servlet
JSP / JavaBean
Common Language Runtime
Java Virtual Machine
Operating System
Mapping J2EE to .NET
Framework
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
Comparisons

Java:

One language

Multiple platforms

.NET

Multiple languages

Multiple platforms*
E
Windows platforms
E
Other platforms:

Linux, GNU (in progress)

FreeBSD (Rotor) available now

Mono Project
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
Technical Usage
Scenarios of Web Services
Web Services
Distributed
components
Windows
Applications
Web
Applications
Mobile Web
Applications
Presentation Layer
Business Logic Layer Data Service Layer
PDA &
Pocket PC
Server
Components
(classes)
ADO.NET
.NET CF
.NET Framework .NET Framework
Runtime Runtime
Data
Bases
Web Services
Distributed
components
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
ADO.NET
XML
.NET n-Tier Application
Architecture
Presentation
Tier
Data
Connection
Data
Connection
Data
Adapter
Data
Adapter
Data Set
Intern
et
Intran
et
Web Form
Browse
r
Window
Form
Data
Set
Web Form
Business Tier:
ASP.NET or Web Services
Business
to Business
Application
Data
Tier
Database
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
XML
XML
HTML
E-Business
and
XML Web Services
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
The Extended Enterprise
E-Business: Virtual and Dynamic
Enterprise
Suppliers
Back
Office
Front
Office
Customers
Buy Make/Add Value Sell
Supply ChainBack Office Integration
Demand Chain
Manufacturing
Finance
Engineering
Sales
Support/Service
Marketing
Supply Chain Management Customer Relationship Management
Enterprise Resource Planning
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
Trading
Partners
Suppliers
Distributors
Business
Partners
E-Business Integration
Imperatives
Heterogeneous Platforms
ERP Application Packages
Proprietary Applications
Legacy Applications
Consumers
REQUIREMENTS
Standards based integration
Configurable across applications
Business process oriented
Loosely coupled
Supports an incremental approach
Scaleable, available, secure, manageable
B2B
Integration
EAI
B2C
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
Internet /
Virtual Private
Network
Private UDDI
or Database of
Web Services
Access Points
Replenis
h
Inventor
y
Item
Update Web
Services
Vendor
Database
Web Service of Vendor#1
Web Service of Vendor#2
Web Service of Vendor#n
A Web Service-Driven CFPS
C
C
C
C
Demo of A Dynamic E-Business
Application
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
Check(PN, Price)
Check(PN, Price)
Check(PN, Price)
Order(PN, Price,
Quantity)
C
Public UDDI
A Demo of Dynamic Web
Services Application
Implementing Dynamic
SCM!
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
Systems Development
Life Cycle
Applications =
Data Services +
Business Logic +
Presentation Logic
Analysis and Design
=
Data Modeling +
Process Modeling +
GUI Design
Application
Architecture Design
Database / XML
Application Servers
Business Objects
Data Access Object
Presentation Layers
Windows
Browsers
Mobile devices
Minder Chen, 2001-2005
OOAD
(UML)
Web
Servi
ce
Web Services Research
Topics

Web services standards development

Business process automation using Web

services and workflow languages

Evaluation of Web services performance

Design methodology of web services centric

applications

Web services and mobile computing

Web services and B2B and B2C electronic

commerce

Technology adoption studies of Web services

Web services business models

Web services and service grids

Web services and semantic Web

Minder Chen, 2001-2005