EFFECT OF SHG & ECO TOURISM ACTIVITIES IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN SHENAPATI AND UKHRUL DISTRICTS, MANIPUR

Md. Shahid Ahmed Laskar and Nridul Kanti Singha Department of Management, R.K. Degree College, Sikkim Manipal University, Silchar Center, LC: 02751

INTRODUCTION
Human Development is directly associated National Income (GDP or Per Capita Income), but that would be really a nonjudicious technique to measure the Human Development, when National Income neither reveals its composition nor its real beneficiaries. The parameters used for calculating the Human Development Index mainly are, LIFE EXPECTANCY, EDUCATION (based on schooling), and INCOME SOURCES (based on GDP and Per Capita Income)

INTRODUCTION
The community services like Self Help Group or Eco Tourism under the guidance of some expert organisation will always help the communities to fully utilise their resources to remove their poverty, In this paper we will put light on the efforts of IFAD in the district of SHENAPATI and UKHRUL of Manipur and their activities with local tribe regarding SHG and Eco Tourism.

IFAD
The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), a specialized agency of the United Nations, was established as an international financial institution in 1977 as one of the major outcomes of the 1974 World Food Conference. IFAD is dedicated to eradicating rural poverty in developing countries. IFAD under the ministry of DONER and Govt. Of India had trained all the residents that how to utilize the recourses available and the gift of the nature for the development of their life.

 Problems of Shenapati and Ukhrul districts are in Manipur Work of IFAD on Pure Drinking Water Work of IFAD on Agriculture Work of IFAD on Handloom Work of IFAD on Animal Husbandry through Self Help Group (SHG) Work of IFAD on Eco-Tourism

S.No 1 2 3

Name of SHG Univers SHG Mathukmi SHG Thotchan SHG

No. of Year of memb establishm ers ent 16 22 16 2002 2000 2000

Village Ngaimgu Ngaimgu Nugou

No. of Rate of transactio interest ns 2% 2% 2% 280 300 250

4
5

Raso SHG
Chingri SHG

15
11

2000
2003

Nugou
Nugou

2%
2%

300
250

Source: IFAD, Shillong.

Some of the SHGs established by IFAD in Ukhrul Dist.

Ranking Given by Expert Observers to Sadu Chiru Eco Tourist site in Shenapati Dist Parameters Observer 1 Observer 2 Observer 3 Total Perfect Attraction 10 10 10 30 30 Accessibility 10 10 10 30 30 Accommodatio 9 8 10 27 30 n Activities 8 7 8 23 30 Amenities 5 5 6 16 30 Affinities 10 8 10 28 30 Abilities 10 8 9 27 30 Acts 7 7 7 21 30 Administration 8 10 10 28 30 Total 230 270 Percentage 85.19

Source: Project Report, IFAD, Shillong

From the table we could see that overall ranking has come 230 for all parameters from 3 Observers out of Perfect Total of 270. This makes it 85% achievement of desired ranking for perfect maintenance of Eco Tourist Site.

Ranking Given by Expert Observers to Phangree Eco Tourist site in Ukhrul Dist.
Parameters Attraction Accessibility Accommodation Observer 1 8 10 7 Observer 2 7 10 7 Observer 3 9 10 8 Total 24 30 22 Perfect 30 30 30 30 30 30 30

Activities
Amenities Affinities Abilities Acts

9
5 10 8 6

8
6 8 10 6

10
4 10 9 6

27
15 28 27 18

30
30 270 77.04

Administration
Total

17
208 Percentage

Source: Project Report, IFAD, Shillong

From the table we could see that overall ranking has come 208 for all parameters from 3 Observers out of Perfect Total of 270. This makes it 77% achievement of desired ranking for perfect maintenance of Eco Tourist Site.

IMPLICATIONS
With the establishment of SHG, Eco tourism site development training, modern agricultural training and concepts, etc. has helped to improve standard of living by increase in Income, proper Sanitation and Hygienic Condition Now the situation is changing, people of these areas are using the modern method of agriculture which helps them to increase the productivity From the help of SHG the women to take their traditional Handloom art as a full fledge business and a good source of Income leading to women empowerment and financial independence.

IMPLICATIONS
The effect of Eco Tourism has been maximum in Human Development in these two Districts. The first benefit is that local people were able to increase their income through ticket and stalls of refreshment, local products and artefacts. The second and important benefit which they reaped was exposure form the visitors and tourists about the happenings around the other part of countries as well as world, which changed their attitude and mind set

CONCLUSION
At last we could say that infrastructure projects like Railway line, Industries, Factories, Medical & Engineering college etc. will bring Human Development, But sometimes with the strong sense of community, growth in literacy & awareness of healthy living practice, the community action taken by local cultural Association, the strong check & balance against corruption taken by local villages and religious organisation still we can achieve the Human Development Goals.
The requirement is that we should recognise our potentiality for our Human Development and should not race behind those western models of Human Development, which will not lead us to our way of Development.

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