E E 2315

Lecture 03 - Thvenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits

Thvenin and Norton Equivalents

RTh VTh b a a

IN

RTh b

VTh RTh I N

VTh IN RTh

Combining Voltage Sources

a 15 V = 10 V b b a 25 V
Voltage sources are added algebraically

Combining Voltage Sources

a 15 V = 10 V b b a 5V
Voltage sources are added algebraically

Combining Voltage Sources

a
Dont do this.
Why is this illogical? Whose fundamental circuit law is violated by this?

5V

10 V

Combining Current Sources

Current sources are added algebraically

a a 5A 10 A = b b 15 A

Combining Current Sources

Current sources are added algebraically

a a 5A 10 A = b b 5A

Combining Current Sources

a 5A
Dont do this.
Why is this illogical? Whose fundamental circuit law is violated by this?

10 A b

Source Transformations Simplify Circuits (1/5)

18 144 V 4A b a 20 36 47 A 100 V 4

Source Transformations Simplify Circuits (2/5)

a 8A 18 36 4A b 4 20 100 V 188 V

Source Transformations Simplify Circuits (3/5)

a 12 A 12 b 24 288 V

Source Transformations Simplify Circuits (4/5)

a 12 A 12 b 24 12 A

Source Transformations Simplify Circuits (5/5)

a 24 A 8 b 8 192 V b a

Obtaining Thvenin Circuit with Dependent Sources

Replace all independent voltage sources with short circuits (0 resistance). Replace all independent current sources with open circuits ( resistance). Apply a 1.0 amp current source to the terminal pair. Resulting terminal voltage numerically equal to Thvenin resistance

Another Thvenin Circuit (1/4)

5 I1 20 V 10 ix I2 8 ix a 6 b
Find open circuit voltage Vab:

20 15I1 10 I 2 8ix 10 I1 16 I 2 8( I1 I 2 )

Another Thvenin Circuit (2/4)

5 I1 20 V 10 ix I2 8 ix a 6 b
Solve mesh equations for I2
Then Vab can be found:

I2 2 A

Vab 12V

Another Thvenin Circuit (3/4)

5 V2 10 8 ix V1 a 6 b
Now get Thvenin Resistance by node voltage solution:

ix

1A

V2 V2 V1 1 5 10 6

V2 V2 8 V1 1.8V2 10

Another Thvenin Circuit (4/4)

5 V2 10 8 ix V1 a 6 b 1A

ix

V1 3Volts Rab 3

The Result
5 I1 20 V 10 ix I2 8 ix a 6 b
3

12 V b

Check on Previous Example (1/2):

VTh = 12 V and RTh = 3 IN = 4 A We will calculate IN directly.
5 I1 20 V 10 ix I2 6 b IN 8 ix a

KVL 1: 20 = 15I1 - 10I2 KVL 2: 0 = 10ix + 8ix ix = 0 I1 = I2

Check on Previous Example (2/2):

VTh = 12 V and RTh = 3 IN = 4 A We will calculate IN directly.
5 I1 20 V 10 ix I2 6 b IN 8 ix a

KVL 1: 20 = 15I1 - 10I2 KVL 2: 0 = 10ix + 8ix ix = 0 I1 = I2