---- Introduction

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

The information systems generate information useful for managers in planning & control Managerial Decision-making or action Structured & Unstructured Decisions Strategic, Tactical & Operational Decisions Lost Opportunity & Reaction Time

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Growth of Management Theory & Techniques Growth of Management Accounting & its applications in business Changes in the Production & Distribution methods & the consequent changes in the organizational structure Development of Management Science (O.R.) Introduction of Computer into Business data processing & the developments in IT

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

An integrated user machine system for providing information to support the operations management analysis & decision-making functions (Gordon B. Davis) A system that aids management in making, carrying out and controlling decisions (Jerome Kanter) MIS is defined as to provide information to support management decision-making (James A. OBrien) MIS is a strategy which provides the information for making decisions regarding the integration of the organization through the process of management (Robert G. Murdick) A system which systematically collects information & provide useful information to management for decision-making

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Timeliness Accuracy Completeness Cost Reliability Decision Tree & Decision Table

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

System approach Takes Comprehensive view in the light of its objective Management oriented Top down approach followed Derived from the overall business objectives Need based Caters to info needs at different levels Exception based Exception based reporting principle

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Futuristic On the basis of projections Integrated Blends info from several operational areas Common data flows Should avoid data duplication and redundancy Long term basis Strive to be futuristic Divide and conquer Use partitioning into subsystems Central database Let subsystems accessKolkata master data the Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM

Data capturing Processing of data Storage Retrieval Dissemination of MI finished product of MIS

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Management

Koontz Art of getting things done through and with the people in formally organized groups

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Planning Organizing Staffing Directing Control

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Planning
Process of foreseeing the future What, when, who, how, where, why Setting goals and objectives Lay down policies, procedures, budgets,

strategies, programmes and schedules, to achieve the plans

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Organizing
Process of identifying the entire job Dividing the job into convenient subtasks Allocating subtasks to persons/groups Delegating authority, for effective operation

and achievement of goals

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Staffing
Right person at the right job Define job requirements people perspective

Select suitable person/s for the positions

Training and development (?) Organizing vis--vis Staffing (?)

Job-orientation vs. person-orientation

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Directing
Issuing commands classical view

Modern philosophy Communication Motivation Leadership

People have to be guided, motivated and led

by the MANAGER
Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Controlling
Controlling and planning two sides of the

same coin Ensures that activities are performed as per plans

Fixing standards of work measurements Measurement of actual performance Taking corrective measures

Decision-making is the essence of management

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Robert Anthony 3 levels of business activities Strategic management (Top management) Exploring different markets, formulating policies, plans and budgets Management control (Middle management) Facilitator role; scheduling, monitoring Operational control (Operating management) Process and control the basic products and services Raw matl procurement, selling of products, physical recording and posting of cheques

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Policies, plans, objectives and budgets of Top management Passed to middle mngt as Revenue, cost, profit goals Review and agreement Middle mngt issues specific schedules and operating goals along with yardsticks of measurement Operating mngt produce goods and services to meet the revenue and profit goals

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Processed data, presented in a form which assists decision-makers May contain an element of surprise, reduce uncertainty May provoke a manager to initiate action Data and Info relative concepts Recency Producer-consumer relationship Often used interchangeably

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

According to J. Kanter (1996) Top Management Unstructured Non-programmed Futuristic Approximate External

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Operating Management: Structured Programmed Historical Exact Internal

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

MIS about Computer Larger the volume of data, greater is usefulness to the managers Greater the accuracy, greater its usefulness

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

A matrix representation of the logic of a decision Specifies the possible conditions and the resulting actions Best used for complicated decision logic

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

1. Condition stubs Lists condition relevant to decision 2. Action stubs Actions that result from a given set of conditions 3. Rules Specify which actions are to be followed for a given set of conditions

Indifferent Condition Condition whose value does not affect which action is taken for two or more rules
Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Name the condition and values each condition can assume Name all possible actions that can occur List all rules Define the actions for each rule Simplify the table

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Note: for salaried employees the action stub chosen will always be the sametherefore hours worked is an indifferent condition
Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Because of indifferent condition, the complete decision table can be reduced to one with fewer rules
Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

A graphical representation of a decision situation Decision situation points are connected together by arcs and terminate in ovals Main components Decision points represented by nodes Actions represented by ovals Particular choices from a decision point represented by arcs

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Read from left to right Each node corresponds to a numbered choice on a legend All possible actions are listed on the far right

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata

Prof. Dr. Subhasis Sen, EIILM Kolkata