ORAL COMMUNICATION

Miss Cherish H. Ricalde

 Human beings are constantly communicating. In both decoding and encoding messages, we spend almost 70% of our communication time as speakers. We need speech and oral communication course for us to enhance our communication skills and to become a more dynamic, effective, and elegant communicator

 Nowadays, managers and human resource specialists look for prospective employees who are not only academically qualified, hard working, and with pleasing personality, but also the one who is communicatively competent English language Most successful people in the schools and offices are those who have excellent communication skills

VIEWS ON COMMUNICATION
1. Communication connects people You are a communicating human being. Communication is the way interpersonal connections are created, enhanced, maintained, and destroyed 2. Communication starts relationship We are all unique individuals with different personalities and needs as well as different levels of interpersonal skills.

Communication is a process that takes place in each way of the many facets of human communications. 1. Intrapersonal Communication -communicating within yourself like (thinking, remembering, and feeling)

LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION

2. Interpersonal Communication - communication among a relatively small number of people (dyadic and others) 3. Public Communication - involves speaking with an audience 4. Mass Communication -via the use of mass media system (radio, television, advertising, film)

5. Communication Technology - through the use of intonation technology (email, internet, and cp) 6. Organizational Communication - communication within the workplace between and among the members in order to carry out an organizations objectives and purposes, goal-directed behavior for effectiveness.

7. Intercultural Communication - between and among the cultural communities and nations to promote understanding and goodwill 8. Development Communication - between progressive nations and developing societies of the world in order to facilitate the total development of individuals and nations

CATEGORIES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION The primary elements of nonverbal communication can be categorized as follows: 1. Sign language these are words and numbers which are transmitted as messages through the use of gestures. 2. Object Language this represents the showing of material objects like clothes,

3. Action Language this refers to all movements which are not frequently used as signals or cues. (example: walking) TYPES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION 1. Time time related nonverbal is a form of interpersonal communication; it speaks (example: punctuality).

2. Proxemics this is the use of space when people communicate in relation with other people. Kinds of Space a. Intimate space approximately 1 to 1.5 feet b. Personal space approximately 1 to 2.5 feet c. Public space from 12 feet and extends as far as feasible in an auditorium

3. Territoriality nonverbal associated with geographic location, where people are in relation to one another (example: the arrangement of the furniture in an office influences the communication situations) 4. Body Movements and Gestures body language including hand signals which connote meanings

5. Posture the position on bearing of the body; this is involuntary in nature but communicate important signals which can be friendly or hostile 6. Facial Expressions the changes in eyes , mouth which send communication messages to other speaker 7. Eye Movements it plays an important role in sustaining the flow of interaction

It helps us immensely in communicating with others and it enhances the overall process of communication 8. Artifacts objects or things in contact with the communication that may serve as nonverbal stimuli (ex. Perfume, clothes, bags, shoes) 9. Silence technique used to send meanings consciously or unconsciously

10. Paralanguage refers to how something is said and not what is said 11. Tactile Communication (touch/haptics) one of the first modes of communication of the human being (ex. Patting, hugging, holding)

1. Aristotelian Model It was developed among the Greeks in ancient times. It is most simple and it has the basic elements: speaker, message and audience

2. Lasswell Model
It is one of the earliest models of communication which was developed by Harold Lasswell in 1948. It consists of 5 basic elements in a linear pattern

3. The Shannon-Weaver Model

This is originally designed for telephone communication. It has 5 elements: information source, transmitter, receiver, destination, and noise. It describes communication as a one-way process of transmission and reception of messages

4. The Schramms Model

The highlight of Wilbur Schramms model of communication is the field of experience concept. This model assumed that every sender has within himself past and present experiences that help him/her relate to other communicators. These experiences form A

 It focuses on the speakers and receivers knowledge, attitudes, socio-cultural system, and communication skills. The message on the other hand gives emphasis on the element, structure, content, treatment, and coding. Likewise, the channels of communication are focused on the five senses: seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, and tasting

5. Berlos Model

6. Whites Model
Thinking Symbolizing Expressing Transmitting Receiving Decoding Feedbacking Monitoring