Panchayati Raj Institution

Presented ByManish Gupta Sachin

Panchayati Raj Institution

Panchayati Raj is a system of governance in which gram panchayats are the basic units of administration.
The term panchayati raj is relatively new. 'Raj' literally means governance or government.

Mahatma Gandhi says that, a decentralized form of Government where each village is responsible for its own affairs, as the foundation of India's political system. This term for such a vision was "Gram Swaraj" (Village Self-governance).

Evolution Can Be Divided In Three stages:

Ancient Time

During The British Raj

After The Independence

Time

Panchayati Raj Institution

Village Level

Block Level

District Level

Village Level
Gram Panchayat are local self-governments at the village level in India. The gram panchayat is the foundation of the Panchayat System. A gram panchayat can be set up in villages with minimum population of 300. Sometimes two or more villages are clubbed together to form group-gram panchayat when the population of the individual villages is less than 300.

Constitution
The Sarpanch or Chairperson is the head of the Gram Panchayat. The elected members of the Gram Panchayat elect from among themselves a Sarpanch and a Deputy Sarpanch for a term of five years. In some places the panchayat president is directly elected by village people. The Sarpanch presides over the meetings of the Gram Panchayat and supervises its working.

Functions of Gram Panchayat

Looking after street lights, construction and repair

work of the roads in the villages and also the village markets, fairs, festivals and celebrations. To levy and collect appropriate taxes, duties, tolls and fees. Keeping a record of births, deaths and marriages in the village. Looking after public health and hygiene by providing facilities for sanitation and drinking water.

 Implementation of scheme for development of

fisheries in villages. Social and farm forestry. Maintenance of records relating to building sites and other private and public properties. Construction, repair and maintenance of public wells, ponds and hand - pumps for drinking water, washing clothes and bathing. Taking measures for prevention and control of water pollution. Construction and maintenance of rural roads & water ways..

Block Level
Panchayat samiti is a local government body at the tehsil or Taluka level in India. It works for the villages of the Tehsil or Taluka that together are called a Development Block. It is composed of ex-officio members, coopted members , associate members and some elected members. The samiti is elected for 5 years and is headed by the chairman and the deputy chairman.

Functions of Panchayat Samiti

Establishment of primary health centres and

primary schools. Supply of drinking water, drainage, construction/repair of roads. Development of cottage and small-scale industries and opening of cooperative societies. Establishment of youth organizations. Integrated management of waste lands.

 Development and promotion of agriculture and

horticulture. Prevention and control of epidemics and contagious diseases. Integrated development of fisheries in villages & promoting marketing facilities. Arranging at Panchayat Samiti level agricultural and industrial exhibitions along with awareness camps, seminars and training programmes for benefit of rural areas. Ensuring maintenance of records concerning houses, sites and other private and public properties.

District Level
In the district level of the Panchayati raj system we have the Zilla Parishad". It looks after the administration of the rural area of the district and its office is located at the district headquarters. The Hindi word Parishad means Council and Zilla Parishad translates to District Council.

Constitution
Members of the Zilla Parishad are elected from the district on the basis of adult franchise for a term of five years. Zilla Parishad has minimum of 50 and maximum of 75 members. There are seats reserved for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, backward classes and women. The Chairmen of all the Panchayat Samitis form the members of Zilla Parishad. It is headed by the Zilla Pramukh or the Chairperson.

Functions of Zilla Parishad

Services and facilities to the rural population. Supply improved seeds to farmers Inform them of new techniques of training. Set up and run schools in villages.

Start Primary Health Centers and hospitals in

villages. Execute plans for the development of the scheduled castes and tribes. Encourage entrepreneurs to start small-scale industries.

 Coordinating, evaluating, persuading and

guiding the activities of Panchayat Samitis and Gram Panchayats. Ensuring execution of plans, projects and other works for benefit of two or more than two Panchayat Samitis. Making an integrated plan for development of waste land and implementing the same. Encouraging organizations for Khadi, handloom and handicraft industries. Help in making available light at public streets and other places

Women Empowerment In PRI

Women Empowerment
Empowerment of women to strengthen the condition of women in the society. Its function is laid in June 1992 when the 73rd and 74th amendment held in India. Then in Nov. 2009, Government had also given 50% reservation to women in Panchayats

Advantages of Women Empowerment The number of women is increasing in Gram Sabha They are working for the supply of drinking water in villages and child education. Disadvantages of Women Empowerment Unable to understand all the rules and regulations and implementation of policy in village. Dual Responsibility.

E-Governance
A process which intensify the speed of transfer the information from the central level to the village level.

Benefits Of E-Governance
Agrimarketing Land Records Proper Planning in the Panchayats.

Implementation Of Central Schemes

The Ministry of Rural Development has made provisions in the guidelines for involvement of the PRIs in the implementation of different Central Schemes of the Ministry. There is a brief description of the schemes / programmes of the Ministry of Rural Development.

The schemes / programmes of the Ministry of Rural Development can be divided into three categoriesA) Those relating to construction of infrastructure; such as, beneficiary housing schemes (IAY/ PMGY), or social / economic infrastructure in the villages (JRY / JGSY, EAS, IWDP, DPAP, DDP, ARWSP, RCRSP)
B) Self employment programmes such as IRDP / SGSY C) Social security programmes such as NSAP and Annapoorna Scheme.

Limitations Of PRIs
Limitations of Panchayati Raj Institutions are as follows:

Power is Centralized in hand of some of the persons More Administration Control