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G1 phase: synthesis of cellular components of DNA synthesis
(growth phase)
S phase: replication of DNA/duplication of chromosomes
G2 phase: synthesis of enzymes/proteins
(prepared for mitosis)
M phase: mitosis(cell division)
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(3) Affects the proliferating normal &
abnormal cells
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Types of chemotherapy
(1) Combined modality chemotherapy
- combination of drugs & cancer treatments
- reduces the chances of resistance of a
particular drug
(2) Adjuvant therapy
- reduces the reactivation of cancer cells
- effective in killing fast dividing cancer cells
(3) Palliative chemotherapy
- reduces tumor load
- prolongs life
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Chemotherapeutic drugs
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Antimetabolites: 6-mercaptopurine
MOA
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Alkylating agents: Mechlorathamine
MOA
Alkylation
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Microtubules inhibitors
Vinca alkaloid Taxanes
Blocks mitosis in M phase Binds to tubulin
Metaphase arrest
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Topoisomerase inhibitors
Epipodophyllotoxins Camptothecin
Blocks topoisomerase II S phase
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Alternative chemotherapeutic agents
Interferon
• suppress cell proliferation
• activates macrophage
• activates lymphocyte
Monoclonal antibodies
• reduces cancer cells proliferation
• E.g.: Rituximab, Transtuzumab
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Adjuvant therapy
(1) Radiation therapy
• Uses X rays
• Reduces the recurrence of cancer cells
(5) Immunotherapy
• Works out with body immune system
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Treatment regimens
Single drug therapy
- Treatment by a single type of drug
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Adverse effects of cytotoxic drugs
(1)Immunosuppression
(2) Alopecia
(3) Nausea/vomiting
(4) Tetratogenicity
(5)erythema/xerostomia(rare)
(6)hyperuricemia
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