CHINA

The lyrics of the national anthem are as follows:

Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves; With our very flesh and blood Let us build our new Great Wall! The Peoples of China are in the most critical time, Everybody must roar his defiance. Arise! Arise! Arise! Millions of hearts with one mind, Brave the enemy's gunfire, March on! Brave the enemy's gunfire, March on! March on! March on, on!

CHINA General Background

China is one of the largest countries in the world, with a total land area of approximately 9.6 million square kilometers. In 2010, the population of China is approximately 1,352,381,580. As a multinational country, China is comprised of 56 nationalities. Han nationality speak seven languages, with Mandarin or Putonghua - which means "common speech" -- being the official and most-used. Cantonese, which is spoken in Hong Kong and in China's other southern provinces, is the second most popular. Most of the 55 other minority groups use their own languages.

CHINA General Background

China's minorities account for a small 7 percent of the entire population. They live along the country's borders and some of them live on both sides. China has five Autonomous Regions for its minorities: Guangxi, Xinjiang, Tibet, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia.

CHINA General Background

China is a multi-culture and multi-disciplined society for a few thousand years. All minorities in China today have the equal right as Han Chinese. Since minorities reside in the remote area and usually poor, Chinese government has preference policy to provide training for the minorities to progress, govern and manage. Chinese would like to enjoy the peaceful environment and definitely can accommodate all religions and nationalities if there is no foreign interference.

CHINA Agricultural Nation

China Agriculture is one of the most important sector of economy and as the statistics suggest the China Agriculture provides more than 12 percent of the total Gross Domestic Product or the GDP in the country. China Agriculture according to statistics provides the biggest output compared to other countries in the world but only 15 percent of the total land available in China can be cultivated.

CHINA Economic System

China's leaders call their economic system "market socialism." It has also been called "state capitalism" and a "market-oriented mixed economy under one-party rule." Whatever you call it, China is the fast growing economy in the world. It has grown nearly 10% every year for the past 30 years and shows no signs of slowing down. This is the result of some deliberate reforms put in place by the Chinese government in the late 1970s.

CHINA and their Culture

CHINA and their Culture

CHINA and their Culture

CHINA and their Culture

Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China was established in 1505 during the reign of Ming Dynasty. It was the vital military pass and the important barrier, and protection wall against the northern minoritys entrance. It was also the important safeguard of the national capital.

Terracotta Warriors

Terracotta Warriors
The museum comprises three buildings each spanning a pit. Pit 1, 2 and 3, respectively in order of discovery, are the main formation with a total area of 22,780 square meters and 1,000 life-size terra-cotta warriors, horses and chariots. Several hundred thousand workers spent 36 years building the tomb, which the Emperor, at the age of 13, ordered to be built shortly after he ascended the throne. It is said that workers and supervisors involved in its design and construction were buried alive within the tomb. Some speculations say that the Emperor was so superstitious and fearful that he had the necropolis built as a decoy and was, in fact, buried somewhere else.

Tiananmen Square

Tiananmen Square

Tiananmen Square
is located in the center of Beijing city. It is the heart of China. Tiananmen Square covers 44 hectares. It is the largest downtown square all round the world. The main buildings include Tiananmen, China's National Museum, The Great Hall of the People, Memorial of Chairman Mao, and Monument to People's Heroes. The feeling of magnificence will be aroused when you stand in the center of this square, because you stand in the heart of China.

The Bund

The Bund
is located in downtown Shanghai along Huangpu River. The Bund is an influential attraction in Shanghai and one of most famous destinations worth traveling for in Shanghai.

Shanghai became one of the five treaty ports opened to the outside world after 1840. In 1845 British colonialists occupied the Bund and established the British Concession. In 1849, the French colonialists also seized the Bund of Shanghai and established a French Concession. Since 1940s, the Bund was jointly occupied by Britain and France.

Forbidden City

Forbidden City
is the supreme example of Chinese traditional architecture - an art form built upon the mystical conception of Feng Shui, also known as Chinese geomancy. Taoism and Confucianism are considered the foundations of Chinese traditional culture. They penetrate into every part of Chinese life. As such, the Forbidden City is a reflection and exhibition of their ideals. Chinese people believe in an essential unity between the universe, humanity, and nature. The Forbidden City, embodying Chinese life and philosophy, was created according to the descriptions of the heavenly palace in Chinese fairy tales. The names of Forbidden City mainly include benevolence, harmony, balance and stability. All of these characters represent the essence and core of Confucian thought. Qianqing Palace was the residence of the Emperor. Jiaotai Hall and Kunning Palace are closely connected with the Book of Changes, perhaps the most fundamental Confucian classic. In this book, the Chinese character Qian means Heaven and symbolizes male energy, while the character Kun means Earth and symbolizes female energy. The character Tai means safety, honesty, and tranquility.

Politics and the Goal of Education System

Education must serve the purpose of socialist construction and socialist construction must rely on education. The guiding principle of Chinese education is that education must serve the cause of socialist modernization and be integrated with practical work in order to ensure the all-around moral, intellectual, and physical development of the builders of socialism and their successors.

The Formal System of Education

Education System Structure

25 Surprising Facts About CHINAs Education System

GENERAL 1. Before 1949, 80% of the Chinese population was illiterate. 2. Chinese citizens must attend school for nine years. 3. Chinese youth have a 99% literacy rate. 4. China intends to match developed countries for supplies and school conditions by 2010.

25 Surprising Facts About CHINAs Education System

GENERAL 5. Private schools were not implemented until the 1980s. 6. Local governments and businesses oversee secondary education. 7. Senior-level middle schoolers or high schoolers must pay tuition. 8. After-School Education

25 Surprising Facts About CHINAs Education System

Layout and Grade-Specific 9. Preschool lasts three years 10. Preschool curriculum 11. Middle school is split into two categories. 12. High school lasts for three years. 13. Vocational Schools 14. Schools for skilled workers. 15. Students must take a test to go to high school or vocational school.

25 Surprising Facts About CHINAs Education System

Layout and Grade-Specific 16. Preschool education in rural areas is still a work in progress. 17. Vacation 18. Junior Vocational Schools are mostly located in rural areas. 19. Special Education

25 Surprising Facts About CHINAs Education System

Higher Education 20. College students apply through a central enrollment system. 21. Each year, nearly half a million engineering students graduate from college. 22. Adult higher education programs have increased. 23. Tuition changes. 24. Graduate education is a relatively new concept. 25. Between 1999 and 2004, college enrollment nearly quadrupled.

Pre-school Education
Children aged from 3 to 6 will attend kindergartens near their neighborhoods, where they learn the basics of the native language and subjects. They play games, dance, sing and act. Children are taught from the early year the values of Truth, Kindness and Beauty. Chinese take children education very seriously since they know that a person's personality is mould in the early childhood.

Pre-school Education

Primary School Education

The primary school education requires six years. Pupils are required to take a variety of subjects such as the Chinese language, fundamental mathematics and moral education. They also take part in sports and extra-curriculum activities. Foreign languages such as English are optional courses in the senior year of the primary education

Primary School Education

High School Education

High school education has two parts, 3-year junior high school program and senior high school. From junior high school, students begin to learn a variety of science subjects such as chemistry, physics and biology and other subjects such as history, geography, and foreign languages. Physical education is enthusiastically encouraged.

Senior High School Education

Senior high school education is a continuation of junior high school. Students take up specific subjects in either science or humanity subjects. Again sport and political education are part of the curriculum. Many contests are organized annually in all levels to encourage their study. The "Olympic Series" are the most noticeable ones. The purpose is for them in preparation for the national college entrance examination. Examinations are designed separately for science and arts students.

High School Education

Higher Education
Higher education in China is to train specialists for all the sectors of the country's development. Universities, colleges and institutes offer fouror five-year undergraduate programs as well as special two-or three-year programs. Students who have completed a first degree may apply to enter graduate schools.

Higher Education
There are 1080 universities and colleges of full-time higher education in China. They are administrated in three forms: 1. State Education Commission is in charge of the 35 of them. (Beijing University, Nanjing University) 2. More than 60 ministries, commissions, bureaus and very big business groups pose administration upon about 350 universities and colleges. 3. The other 700 or so belong to the provincial-level governments, including the five autonomous region governments and the three centrally-controlled municipal governments. Ex. Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin.

Higher Education

Admission
University admission is operated on a centralized enrolment system, in which admissions committees at the provincial level are under the Ministry of Education. Admission is granted on the basis of academic, physical and moral qualifications. Special allowances are made for minority nationality and overseas Chinese candidates The nationwide examinations are held in the first ten days of July. Candidate can take the examination in either one of the two categories, humanities or sciences/engineering. They apply for the institutions and departments they wish to enter in order of preference. Enrolment is determined by the examination results. Brief investigation into their social behavior and moral character is conducted before students are admitted. In some faculties, specific physical requirements must be met.

Living Accommodation
China currently provides free university education. Students do not have to pay tuition fee and are provided with free on-campus dormitories. Grants or subsidies will be given to students whose families have financial difficulties. The dormitory, which forms an important part of university life, is run by the students themselves through the students' union under the China Students' Federation, to which all enrolled students belong. The education system is under reform. The number of paid students increases dramatically in recent years. The trend may continue and the government may eventually adopt a pay system instead.

Administrative and Supervisory Structure and Operation

The Chinese Education System

Ministry of Education

Provincial Education Departments

Municipal Education Commissions

Municipal Education Commissions

District Education Bureaus

The Structure of Chinese School

School Principal/Head

Party Secretary

Vice Principal

Vice Principal

Heads of Department/Heads of Foreign Affairs

Heads of Department/Heads of Foreign Affairs

 The basic pattern of educational management system in China is that education authorities are established at the central, provincial (including autonomous regions and metropolitan municipalities), municipal, and the country level to take the responsibility of national and local education administration. The State Education Commission (SEDC)- a professional organization of the State Council with overall responsibility for he administration of education throughout the country.

 In 1985, the Chinese government decided to delegate responsibility for basic education to local authorities.

Educational Inspection in China

is a system under which the higher government authorities undertake to monitor, inspect, evaluate, and provide guidance for the educational work of the lower level peoples governments, the education authorities, and schools. Its purpose is to supervise the implementation of the laws and decrees, guiding principles, and policies governing education provision, and to ensure the realization of educational goals and the improvement of educational quality. An inspection network has been established.

Educational Finance

 State financial allocation is the main source of educational funding in China. It includes both central government allocation and fundings by local governments. Considerable efforts are made by the peoples governments at all levels to raise education funds through all possible channels. Since 1981, China has been actively utilizing the World Bank loans for educational development.

Supplying Personnel for the Education System

 The size of the teaching force in China is sufficiently large and the primary task is to raise its ideological and professional quality and optimize its structure. To ensure the quality and standards of education and teaching, the teacher has laid down relevant academic qualification requirements and criteria for professional certificate for primary and secondary school teachers.

 The state encourages teachers to upgrade their educational and professional levels. 2 types of training provisions: 1.

The Chinese government has adopted a series of positive and effective measures to stabilize the teaching force and to improve its quality: a. Raising the economic status and improving their working conditions. b. Setting up honors and reward systems for teachers. c. Establishing a tenure system in primary and secondary schools. d. Encouraging talented secondary school leavers to enter teacher education institutions so as to ensure the quality of the student intake of these institutions. e. Introducing the professional certificate system for primary and secondary school teachers.

 The overall quality of the teaching force is constantly improving as the state attaches greater importance to, and has effectively strengthened, teacher education and teachertraining programs.

Curriculum Development and Teaching Methodology

 The State Education Commission (SEDC) has formed expert groups and formulated curricula guidelines for the countrys primary and secondary schools. In view of the huge regional socioeconomic disparity, SEDC permits the flexible implementation of the guidelines by the provinces, autonomous regions, and the metropolitan municipalities.

 As far as higher education is concerned, SEDC laid down the basic requirements and principles for course designs. The institutions are responsible for the formulation of the curricula and syllabi in line with SEDC requirements and in accordance with social demand, as well as their own conditions.

The System of Examinations, Promotions, and Certifications

 Primary and secondary schools administer four types of examinations: 1. term examinations (TE) 2. School year examinations (STE) 3. Completion examinations (CE) 4. Entrance Examinations (EE)

 In primary schools, TEs, STEs, and CEs are all confined to the subjects of Chinese and math. The entrance examination to the lower-middle school is being phased out. The upper-middle school EE is of a selective nature and is usually combined with the middle-school CE. The upper-middle school CE is independent of the higher education EE.

 The CE is a qualifying examination and the EE is a selective one. The higher education EE is a common national examination with separate provisions for liberal arts candidates and science candidates. Successful examinees of primary and secondary schools are awarded completion certificates, whereas university students will be awarded the completion certificate and a degree after passing various examinations and assessments.

Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research

 Since the 1980s, educational evaluation has been given due emphasis and has experienced rapid development. In higher education institutions and specialized secondary schools, assesssment mainly consists of: 1. Qualification evaluation 2. Standard evaluation 3. Excellence evaluation

 At the primary and secondary levels, the evaluation normally covers the: 1. Aspects of purpose 2. School management 3. Educational quality, and 4. School conditions. Educational evaluations are normally conducted by local governments and the educational authorities.

 With regard to educational research, a multilevel research network has been established with over 10,000 full time research personnel in thee country. Research funding is provided by the state and the local authorities through special fund and projects.

 Apart from basic education theories, the topics of educational research are mostly concerned with the changes and development of Chinese education as well as educational and teaching practices. Research results can thus directly serve both educational policy-making and the educational reform process.

Three major problems in China's education system

"The first problem lies in the difficulties in entering school. The most prominent issue is whether the national and local governments can provide enough opportunities for education and whether students can afford schooling. Han noted that the quality of education is the second problem. This is one of the significant core issues that the programme outlines will address. With the economic and social development of China, the demand for education at a higher level and of better quality is greater than ever.