Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Applets can be run within any modern browser To run modern Java applets, old browsers need an up-to-date Java plugin appletviewer is a program that can run java applets.
Java supplies a huge library of pre-written code, ready for you to use in your programs Code is organized into classes Classes are grouped into packages One way to use this code is to import it You can import a single class, or all the classes in a package
The Applet class contains code that works with a browser to create a display window Capitalization matters!
awt stands for Abstract Window Toolkit The java.awt package includes classes for:
Drawing lines and shapes Drawing letters Setting colors Choosing fonts
Since you may want to use many classes from the java.awt package, simply import them all:
import java.awt.*;
The asterisk, or star (*), means all classes The import directives can go in any order, but must be the first lines in your program
extends Applet says that our Drawing is a kind of Applet, but with added capabilities
Javas Applet just makes an empty window We are going to draw in that window
10
Our applet is going to have a method to paint some colored rectangles on the screen This method must be named paint paint needs to be told where on the screen it can draw
11
public says that anyone can use this method void says that it does not return a result
A Graphics (short for Graphics context) is an object that holds information about a painting
It remembers what color you are using It remembers what font you are using You can paint on it (but it doesnt remember what you have painted)
12
13
Colors
The java.awt package defines a class named Color There are 13 predefined colorshere are their fullyqualified names:
Color.PINK Color.RED Color.ORANGE Color.YELLOW Color.MAGENTA Color.GREEN Color.CYAN Color.BLUE
For compatibility with older programs (before the naming conventions were established), Java also allows color names in lowercase: Color.black, Color.darkGray, etc.
14
New colors
Every color is a mix of red, green, and blue You can make your own colors: new Color( red , green , blue ) Amounts range from 0 to 255 Black is (0, 0, 0), white is (255, 255, 255) Yellow is red + green, or (255, 255, 0)
15
Using Colors
Color Constructors
Color(int red, int green, int blue) Color(int rgb) Color(float r, float g, float b)
import java.applet.Applet; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; /* <applet code="BlueString" width=300 height=100> </applet> */ public class BlueString extends Applet {
static int HSBtoRGB(float h, float s, float b) static float[] RGBtoHSB(int r, int g, int b, float hsb[]) Color brighter() Color darker() static Color decode(String str) throws NumberFormatExcepti on boolean equals(Object obj) int getBlue() int getGreen() int getRGB() int getRed()
http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/awt/Color.html
16
Setting a color
To use a color, we tell our Graphics g what color we want: g.setColor(Color.RED); g will remember this color and use it for everything until we tell it some different color
17
18
Pixels
one pixel is one dot on your screen there are typically 72 to 90 pixels per inch
19
(w-1, h-1)
Java uses an (x, y) coordinate system (0, 0) is the top left corner (50, 0) is 50 pixels to the right of (0, 0) (0, 20) is 20 pixels down from (0, 0) (w - 1, h - 1) is just inside the bottom right corner, where w is the width of the window and h is its height
20
Drawing rectangles
There are two ways to draw rectangles: g.drawRect( left , top , width , height );
21
g.drawLine( x1 , y1 , x2 , y2 ); g.drawOval( left , top , width , height ); g.fillOval( left , top , width , height ); g.drawRoundRect( left , top , width , height ); g.fillRoundRect( left , top , width , height ); g.drawArc( left , top , width , height , startAngle , arcAngle ); g.drawString( string , x , y );
23
http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/awt/Graphics.html
24
Displaying Text
Font Constructor
Font(String name, int style, int ps)
setFont() Method
abstract void setFont(Font font)
FontMetrics Constructor
FontMetrics(Font font)
http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/awt/Font.html
25
Dimension Constructors
Dimension() Dimension(Dimension d) Dimension(int w, int h)
http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/awt/Dimension.html
26
27
init() : called only when the applet begins execution. start() : executed after init() method. Called by the applet viewer or Web browser. stop() : when applet viewer is minimized. destroy() : called by the applet viewer or Web browser before the applet is terminated.
30
Thank you!
31