HUMAN FACTOR

ergonomics
Peoples Abilities (Conditions) Alcohol Fatigue Stress Time of day

Human Response Process

I. Visual Reception VISUAL AQUITY is the ability of an observer to resolve fine details of an object

*Visual angle () of a given target is given as

L = diameter of the target (letter or symbol) D = distance from eye to target the same units as L

Types of VISUAL ACUITY

STATIC ACUITY
Factors : background brightness [ 30 candela (cd)/m^2 ft] : contrast : time (.5 and 1 s)

DYNAMIC ACUITY
Factor : sign display (legibility standard) *Variable Message Signs (VMSs) or Changeable Message Signs (CMSs) Factor : resolution : luminance : contrast : glare protection

II. Peripheral Vision

Ability of an individual to see objects beyond the cone of clearest vision

Clear vision (conical angle of 3-5) Fairly Vision (conical angle 10-12)

III. Walking Speed

Walking

speeds (.9 and 1.8 m/s) Males (1.5 m/s) Females (1.4m/s)
Factors : time of day : air temperature : presence of snow or ice : trip purpose : age (lower walking speed .9m/s)

IV. Perception Reaction Time

It is the period of time between the time a driver perceives an obstruction and the time action is taken to avoid the object
Factors : distance to the object : drivers visual acuity : ability of the driver to react : type of obstruction

Passenger Behavior Characteristics in Transportation Terminals

Physiological

Characteristics relate mainly to the perceived comfort of the passenger. Characteristics relate to the perceived safety of the passengers, who must feel that it is safe if they are expected to use a transportation terminal

Psychological

VEHICLE DYNAMICS
Vehicle dynamics refers to the dynamics of vehicles, here assumed to be ground vehicles. Vehicle dynamics is a part of engineering primarily based on classical mechanics but it may also involve chemistry, solid state physics, electrical engineering, communications, psycholo gy, control theory, etc.

Statistic Characteristics of Automobiles

Statistic Characteristics of Airplanes

maximum

take-off weight can be as low as 7kN for the Cesna-150 and as high as 3800 kN for the Boeing 747-400.

can

be classified : transport aircraft and general aviation aircraft

Airport References Code, Static Characteristics and Approach Speeds of Different Airplanes

Static Characteristic of Railroad Locomotives

Electric
Diesel-electric

Static Characteristics of Some cruise Ships

Dynamic Characteristic of Transportation Vehicles The air in front of and around a vehicle in motion causes resistance to the movement of the vehicle, and the force required to overcome this resistance is known as air resistance

Static Characteristic of Boat

Where : = air resistance in force (N) P = density of air (1.227 g/m^3) at sea level : less at higher elevations = aerodynamics drag coefficient (current average value for passenger cars is 0.4, for trucks this value ranges from 0.5 to 0.8 but a typical value is 0.5) A = frontal cross-sectional area (m^2) u = speed of automobile (km/h) g = acceleration of gravity (9.81 m/s^2)

CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSPORTATION
Human-powered 2. Animal-powered 3. Air 4. Rail 5. Road 6. Water 7. Other modes
1.

FREIGHT AND MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE