Group A 3 :

Awal saputra (11-042) Helni Rahma Yulia (11-014) Abdul Gani (11-036) M. Ridho (11-008) Ade Say pulah (11-044) UNIVERSITAS BAITURRAHMAH FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI

Red cells, after their release into the circulation, have a finite life span averaging about 120 days. Some of the enzymes of aging erythrocytes lessen in activity, and quite probably the metabolic processes of the cell deteriorate on this account. Continuing glycolysis and presumably other metabolic activity within the erythrocyte appear to be essential for survival of the cell in the blood stream. Red cells that have been damaged experimentally, for example, by heat or by chemical inhibitors of metabolism do not circulate but are rapidly removed from the blood

The destruction of red cells normally does not involve the release of hemoglobin into the plasma. Circumstantial evidence indicates that the phagocytic cells which from a part if the lining of the blood vessels, particularly in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, ingest aging and perhaps fragmented erythrocytes. Bilirubin, a yellow pigment, enter the circulation and is transported to the liver where it is combined with glucuronide and is excreted into the biliary tract. If the amount of iron released exceeds that needed for hemoglobin synthesis, the residual iron is deposited as ferritin or hemosiderin principally in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow.

Under normal condition few red cells undergo lysis (hemolysis) within the circulation and the blood plasma contains virtually no hemoglobin (less than 1 mg./100 ml.) hemoglobin thus released into the circulation combines with a specific. Hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex is gradually removed from the blood stream but because of the large size of the molecule is not excreted by the kidneys. There is sufficient haptoglobin in normal plasma to bind about 150 mg hemoglobin per 100 ml.

there is no physiological mechanism for altering the life span of the erythrocyte. The effect of an accelerated rate of destruction of erythrocytes is a tendency to produce a deficiency of these cells (anemia). The plasma bilirubin, elevated in this way is not combined with glucuronide and is not excreted in the urine. The presence of jaundice which is not associated with bilirubin in the urine is characteristic of hemolytic disorders in contrast to the jaundice produced by liver disease or by obstruction of the biliary passages.

 arby (11-086) how can the life span of the red cell to be shortened ? Answer :
silvia (11-) How the destructin of red cells normally does not ? Answer : the destructin of the red cells normally does not involve the release of hemoglobin into the plasma.

 rekso (11-0) What happens to the metabolic processes? Answer : some of the enzymes of aging erythrocytes lessen in activity, and quite probably the metabolic processes. evy (11-0) What happens to the red cells after the period of time ? Answer : after this period of time the cells are removed.