VOLTAIC CELL

PREPARED BY: MOHD FAISOL MANSOR

CHEMICAL CELL
Example:

Voltaic Cell
Daniell Cell Dry Cell Alkaline Cell Lead-Acid Accumulator

VOLTAIC CELL
Definition:
A type of cell which produces electrical energy from the chemical reactions. Chemical Energy Electrical Energy

How can a simple voltaic cell can be constructed?

GALVANOMETER VOLTMETER AMMETER BULB

G A V
CLIP WIRE
CONDUCTOR OF DIFFERENT METAL

+
BEAKER ELECTROLYTE

The Electrochemical Series

Metal K Na Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Sn Pb H Cu Ag high tendency to release electron/more electropositive

Less tendency to release electron/less electropositive

Selection of terminal in voltaic cell

Metal that more electropositive (higher position in electrochemical series) will act as the negative terminal.
Metal that less electropositive (lower position in electrochemical series) will act as the positive terminal.

What happen at the terminals?

NEGATIVE TERMINAL Metal electrode will release electrons and dissolve to form metal ions.

POSITIVE TERMINAL The cation at the lower position is choose to be discharged at +ve terminal. Either form solid or colourless gas released.
* Must look at the cation present in the electrolyte. (refer to the electrochemical series for electrolytic cell)

The choose of terminal

VOLTMETER

V
+

Zinc metal Zn

Copper metal Cu

Sodium sulphate solution, Na2SO4

What happen during electrolysis process?

VOLTMETER

V
Zinc metal Zn

Copper metal Cu

Observation: Colourless gas released

Product: Hydrogen gas, H2

+ HZn

2+

Na+

Sodium sulphate solution, Na2SO4

Write the equation

Negative Terminal Zn Zn2+ + 2e Positive Terminal 2H+ + 2e H2 Overall Equation
Zn + 2H+ Zn2+ + H2

The choose of terminal

GALVANOMETER

G
+

silver metal Ag

magnesium ribbon Mg

Silver sulphate solution, Ag2SO4

What happen during electrolysis process?

GALVANOMETER

G
Mg ribbon

Ag metal

Observation: Grey-shiny solid formed

Product: Silver metal, Ag

Mg Ag+ 2+

Silver sulphate solution, Ag2SO4

Write the equation

Negative Terminal Mg Mg2+ + 2e Positive Terminal 2 Ag+ + 2 e 2 Ag Overall Equation
Mg + 2Ag+ Mg2+ + 2Ag

X2

DANIELL CELL
Daniell cell is made of two different type of metals immersed in two separate electrolyte solution.

Chemical Energy

Electrical Energy

How can a simple daniell cell can be constructed?

GALVANOMETER VOLTMETER AMMETER BULB

G V A
CLIP WIRE
CONDUCTOR OF DIFFERENT METAL

POROUS POT BEAKER DIFFERENT ELECTROLYTE ELECTROLYTE

How can a simple daniell cell can be constructed?

VOLTMETER

V
CLIP WIRE SALT BRIDGE

+
BEAKER

ELECTROLYTE