At that time, Britain and France were at war, and what was later called the Seven Years

War.

Family Compact or Pacto de Familia

alliance between king of France and Spain and it is signed on 15 August 1761

Britain first declared war against Spain Spain issued their own declaration of war against Britain

Louis XV of France

George III the King of Great Britain

Charles III of Spain

The British Cabinet led by the Prime Minister, the Earl of Bute, agreed to attack Havana in the West Indies

and approved Colonel William Draper's 'Scheme for taking Manila with some Troops, which are already in the East Indies' in the East.

January 21 1762 -king of spain signed his instructions and implementing to do his scheme.

The Beginning

The British Occupation occurred when they forced occupied the Manila (Spanish Colonial Capital of the Philippines) and the nearby principal port ,Cavite , both on Manila Bay.

Sept. 23, 1762 - the British flotilla landed in Manila, which marked the beginning of the British invasion of the Philippines.
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The expedition, led by and , captured Manila, "the greatest Spanish fortress in the western Pacific".

Former GovernorGeneral of the Philippines, Pedro Manuel de Arandia, had died in 1759 and his replacement Brigadier Francisco de la Torre had not arrived because of the British attack on Havana in Cuba.

The Spanish Crown appointed the Archbishop of Manila Manuel Rojo del Rio y Vieyra as temporary Lieutenant Governor.

Manuel Rojo del Rio y Vieyra

By October 5, the British cannonade had made a practicable breach in the fortifications of Manila. During the night of October 5 to 6, the Spaniards made a sally upon the British position with 1,000 Filipinos and were driven back with heavy loss.

During the siege the Spanish military lost:

3 officers, 2 30 civilians of the sergeants, 50 troops militia, besides many of the line wounded the natives there were 300 killed and 400 wounded The besiegers suffered 147 killed and wounded, of whom 16 were officers. The fleet fired upon the city more than 5,000 bombs, and more than 20,000 bullets

What happened during the British Invasion?

churches and government offices were ransacked government documents were destroyed

What happened during the British Invasion? valuables were taken and historical documents such as Augustinian records paintings in the Governor Generals Palace were destroyed

What happened during the British Invasion?

Rape, homicide and vandalism also rampaged through the city in what is known as the first "Rape of Manila"

What happened during the British Invasion?

The British demanded a ransom of four million dollars from the Spanish government to stop the plundering of the city, something to which Archbishop Rojo agreed in order to avoid further destruction.

-Dawsonne Drake assumed gobernatorial office as the British governor of Manila.

He was assisted by a council of four, consisting of John L. Smith, Claud Russel, Henry Brooke and Samuel Johnson.

When after several attempts Drake realized that he wasn't getting as many assets that he expected, he formed a War Council that he named Chottry Court, with absolute power to imprison anyone who he wished. Many Spanish, Mestizos, Chinese and Indians were brought into prisons for crime.

the Spanish Lieutenant-Governor and Captain-General of Manila established a provisional government on in Bacolor, Pampanga, two days before Manila fell into the hands of the invading British forces.

Real Audiencia de Manila

and their native allies prevented the British occupation forces from expanding to other parts of the Archipelago, as it had been originally planned.

With the efforts of Simn de Anda y Salazars provisional government and some Filipino fighters loyal to Spain, they kept the invading British forces from occupying other territorial regions in the nation other than the newly occupied Manila.

eventually raised an army which amounted to over 10,000 combatants, most of them voluntary natives, and although they lacked enough modern weapons, they were successful in keeping the British forces confined within Manila.

wrote to Rojo informing him that Anda had assumed the position of Governor and Capitan-General under statutes of the Council of the Indies which allowed for the devolution of authority from the Governor to the Audiencia in cases of riot or invasion by foreign forces, as such was the case. Anda, being the highest member of the Audiencia not captive by the British, assumed all powers and demanded the royal seal. Rojo declined to surrender it and refused to recognize Anda's as Governor-General.[

The surrender agreement between Archbishop Rojo and the British military guaranteed the Roman Catholic religion and its episcopal government, secured private property, and granted the citizens of the former Spanish colony the rights of peaceful travel and of trade 'as British subjects'.

Anda, being the highest member of the Audiencia not captive by the British, assumed all powers and demanded the royal seal. Rojo declined to surrender it and refused to recognize Anda's as GovernorGeneral.

Under British control, the Philippines would continue to be governed by the Real Audencia, the expenses of which were to be paid by Spain

However, Anda did not recognize any of the agreements signed by Rojo as valid, claiming that the Archbishop has been made to sign them by force, and therefore, according to the statutes of the Council of the Indies, they were invalid.

He also refused to negotiate with the invaders until he was addressed as the legal Governor-General of the Philippines, returning to the British the letters that were not addressed to that

All of these initiatives were later approved by the King of Spain, who rewarded him and other members of the Audiencia, such as Jos Basco y Vargas, who had fought against the invaders.

The British force in Manila proved inadequate to win any significant lasting control outside the capital and were defeated on every attempt they made to occupy other positions anywhere outside Manila.

Severe disagreements between Dawsonne Drake and the military commanders who replaced Draper and Cornish prevented either fruitful negotiations with Anda or effective military action.

 The one who lead the military command in Manila, ended up reporting to the Secretary of War that "the enemy [the Spanish] was in full possession of the country."

The Seven Years War was ended by the Treaty of Paris (1763) signed on 10 February 1763.

After Archbishop Rojo died on January 1764, the British military finally recognized Simn de Anda y Salazar as the legitimate Governor of the Philippines, sending him a letter addressed to the Real Audiencia Gobernadora y Capitana General, after which Anda agreed to an armistice on the condition that the British forces were withdrawn from Manila by March.

The British ended the occupation by embarking from Manila and Cavite in the first week of April 1764, and sailing out of Manila Bay for Batavia, India, and England.

Melanie De Torres

April Carelo Mezzanine Leonor

- Powerpoint preparation and reporting

Research and reporting

Reporting