Engineering Thermodynamics (MEL140)

Course co-ordinator: Subhra Datta

Room no. : III-175 Email : subhra@gmail.com, subhra.datta@mech.iitd.ac.in Ph : 01126591054

Course outline
Topic Introduction and basic concepts Energy, energy transfer and the first law of thermodynamics Properties of pure substances Energy analysis of closed systems Mass and Energy analysis of control volumes The second Law of thermodynamics Entropy and the second law Exergy analysis Thermodynamic property relations Air standard cycles Vapor power cycles Refrigeration cycles Project presentations Total Number of Lectures 2

2 3 3 4 6 5 4 4 2 2 2 3 42

Course outline (contd.)

Textbook: Cengel, Y.A., and Boles, M.A., Thermodynamics an Engineering Approach, Tata McGraw-Hill., New York, 7th Edition. References: Moran, M.J., and Shapiro, H.N., Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, John Wiley, New York, Sixth edition. P. K. Nag, Engineering Thermodynamics, Tata Mcgraw-Hill, 2005.

Evaluation policy:
Minor 1: 20 Minor 2: 20 Major: 40 Projects and assignments: 20

What is thermodynamics?
Study of energy and relationship between its various forms. Historically, thermodynamics emerged through studies of how heat is related to other forms of energy.

History of thermodynamics
How can we make heat engines (convert heat to work)? Savery (1650-1715), Newcomen (1664-1729), Watt (1736-1819). What is heat? Lavoisier (1743-1794). What is heat? Can mechanical work be converted to heat? Count von Rumford (1753-1814), Mayer (1814-1878), Joule (1818-1889), How heat engines work? How efficient can heat engines be made? Sadi Carnot (1796-1832), Kelvin (1824-1907), Rankine (1820-1872). What determines the (im)possibility and direction of natural processes? Kelvin, Clausius, Planck(1858-1947),Gibbs (18391903), Caratheodory (1873-1950), Clapeyron (1799-1864). How is the average behavior of a collection of particles are related to their individual behaviors during processes? Maxwell (1831-1879), Boltzmann (1844-1906),Planck(1858-1947), Gibbs (1839-1903).

Discuss the history of thermodynamics focusing on the contributions of

Project 1: Savery, Newcomen, Watt Project 2: Count von Rumford, Mayer, Joule (Group 2) Project 3: Carnot, Kelvin, Rankine (Group 3) Project 4: Clausius, Clapeyron, Caratheodory (Group 4) Project 5: Gibbs, Planck (Group 5) The Project Groups are different (see next slide) from the system-assigned Tutorial Groups. See course website for Project 1 groups.

Laws of thermodynamics
First Law: The total quantity of energy in the universe is fixed. Second Law: Energy possesses quality; actual processes occur in the direction of decreasing energy quality.

System and surroundings

System: a region chosen for thermodynamic analysis Surroundings: The part of the universe other than the system Boundary: The real or imaginary surface separating the system from its surroundings.

Types of system
Isolated system: neither energy nor mass crosses its boundary Closed system: energy but no mass crosses its boundary Open system (control volume): mass and energy both cross its boundary

Example of closed systems

Examples of open systems

heat

Pure substance and phase and simple compressible system

Pure substance: quantity of matter with uniform chemical composition Phase: quantity of matter with uniform physical properties (e.g. density, refractive index) separated by distinct boundaries from other phases. A substance can exist in either solid, liquid and gas phase.

Example of phases and pure substance

2P
2P 1P

3P

Not pure substances 2P

Property
Any characteristic that can be ascribed to a system e.g. volume (V), temperature (T) and pressure (P). Extensive property: depends on the size of the system e.g. volume, mass Intensive property: independent of system size: pressure, temperature, density Non-property: work, heat