Introduction

Definition:
A CAMERA is a device that records images, either as a still photograph or as moving images known as videos or movies. A device for taking photographs by letting light from an image fall briefly onto sensitized film, usually by means of a lens-andshutter mechanism.

The term camera comes from the word camera obscura (Latin for "dark chamber") An early mechanism of projecting images where an entire room functioned as a real-time imaging system The modern camera evolved from the camera obscura.

HISTORY
Alhazen (Ibn Al-Haytham) invented the Camera Obscura in AD 1021 and explained why the images were upside down. The first camera that was small and portable enough for practical use was built by Johann Zahn in 1685. The first permanent photograph was made in 1826 by Joseph Nicphore Nipce. The first colour photograph was made by Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell.

Camera Obscura HISTORY

Niepce - The photograph 1826 first first permanent colour photograph, taken by James Clerk Maxwell in 1861 view from his window Camera Obscura 8 hour exposure

Niepce - first experiment 1822 Bishop of Amboise

Parts Of Camera

Diagram:

ViewFinder

Rewind Knob

FlashShoe

Aperture Ring

Lens

Shutter Speed Dial

Shutter Release Tab

Film Speed Dial

Working of Camera

Working of Camera
As Light wave enters the lens at an angle , it bends in One direction. It bends again when it exits the lens due to space b/w glass & air 1St Lens 2nd Lens

Working of Camera

Working of Camera
If clarity of the object is not good Then by adjusting the distance b/w the lenses, we can get a good Image (PHOTO)

TYPES OF CAMERA

FOLDING CAMERA

BROWNIE BOX CAMERA

VIEW CAMERA

POLAROID INSTANCE CAMERA

Folding Camera
Compact design and movable bellows Have been in use for many years. Lens incorporated into bellows, which is slid back and forth to change focus. Dark cloth blocks out undesirable light.

Brownie Box Camera

Earliest cameras used by the general public. Relatively simple in design and operation. Consist wooden or plastic box, Drop-blade shutter, Holding device for the film. Easy operation makes it popular camera for casual photographers.

View Camera
Used for portrait and stilllife photography. Geared track, precision lenses,long bellows make the camera fairly complicated. Capture difficult subjects such as buildings with a minimum of distortion.

Polaroid Instant Camera

Delivers a finished print directly following exposure. Advantage:convenience and speed of the results. Special film used in conjunction. Represents one of the most recent chemical revolutions in photography.

CAMERA LENSES

CAMERA LENSES
The camera lens owes to the human eye. The lens focuses a parallel light beam to form an inverted image. Lenses helps to avoid blurredness and far-off photographs can be easily taken. Focal length of lens affects the field of view, magnification, and depth of field of a lens. Light in weight and compact. Available in the best brands.

TYPES OF LENSES
Range (in mm) 20 to 35 Known as Wide-angle lenses Normal lenses Properties
Provide greater depth of field and include larger angle of view but provide relatively low magnification. Produce an image that can be clearly seen by human eye.

45 to 55

Approx. 85
More than 85

Telephoto lenses
Zoom lens

Constrict the field of view and decrease the depth of field.

Can be adjusted continuously between two fixed limits.

CAMERA LENSES
Tele-Photo Lens NormalLens Zoom Lenses Wide Angle Lens

Different Branded Cameras

TIPS FOR GOOD PHOTOGRAPHING

1. Look your subject in the eye 2. Use a plain background 3. Use flash outdoors 4. Move in close 5. Move it from the middle 6. Lock the focus 7. Know your flash's range 8. Watch the light 9. Take some vertical pictures 10. Be a picture director

Conclusion
1.

2.
3. 4.

Professional camera gives Images which are Flawless Of high Quality(Clarity and Resolution), Better than Digital Cameras, Exceptionally Good.

Bibliography

http://www.howstuffworks.com/camera.htm http://www.wepapers.com/Papers/80124/The_Fi lm_Camera.ppt http://www.yesmag.ca/how_work/camera.html http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4564897_acamera-work.html Etc

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