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Parameters measured
- Temperature - Pressure - Flow - Level - pH - Brix
Temperature
- Temperature Gauges - Thermocouples
Temperature Gauge
Thermocouple
- Quick response and comparitively small time lag - A wide range of 0 - 2300 Deg C can be measured
- Less expensive
- Low maintenance cost
Thermocouple
Type K J R Combination
Chromel - Alumel
Ranges
0 - 1000 Deg C
Iron - Constantan
0 - 750 Deg C
Pt 13% & Rh - Pt
0 - 1600 Deg C
Temperature
Resistance Temperature Detector : This is made from a piece of Platinum ( Pt ) which , at standard test conditions , has a resistance of 100 ohms at zero degrees centigrade temperature.
Temperature
If the temp. is 40 degC, the resistance of the RTD is nearly 3.9 x 4 + 100 = 115.6 ohms.
Pressure
- Pascals Law states that a confined fluid transmits externally applied pressure uniformly in all directions
Pressure
Cable entry Transmitter
Pressure
Lead wire Capacitor plates
Diaphragm seal
Differential Pressure
Pressure
Flow
Rate of change of velocity of a Fluid or Gas
Q = VA Where Q is Volumetric Flow V is Velocity of Fluid A is Area of Cross section
Flow Transmitters
-Electro Magnetic -Vortex -Mass Flow -Differential Pressure
Flow
Root isolation valve
Flow
Flow
Flow
As per Bernoullis eqn. Flow is proportional to the sq. root of Differential pressure
Flow
Turbine flowmeter
Level
100
Level
100
Level
0 100
Level
Transmitter measures (X + hd ) - X = hd mmWC Pressure of the vessel = x X + hd h = Height d = density
Level
Seal pot Resultant Diff. Pr. = zero Pressure head = hxd
Level
If ,for example, the range of a level transmitter is 0 to 100 mm WC . Then, after the introduction of a seal pot , the new range will be 0 - Hd to 100 - Hd ie., - Hd to 100 - Hd . Where H = the distance between the upper and lower tappings.
Control path
Transmitter
Input JB DCS
I/P Converter JB
Output