Professional Documents
Culture Documents
July 2012
David Blatt
dblatt@okpolicy.org (918) 794-3944
Successful outcomes for our families, businesses and communities depend on effective public structures and systems Government is among our means of achieving our common goals as a state alongside private businesses, non-profits, philanthropies, faith groups, and families
$7,000
$5,000 $3,000 $1,000 -$1,000
Oklahoma US Average
Can we ensure the safety of vulnerable children and seniors left in our care?
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
The Recession Hit in Late 2008
Oklahoma experienced six straight quarters of negative growth (declining state personal income) in late 2008 2009 Economy has mostly grown faster than the nations since start of 2010
% Change from Prior Quarter
Quarterly Change in Personal Income, Oklahoma and National, 4th Quarter 2007 to 1st Quarter 2012
8.0%
6.0%
4.0% 2.0% 0.0% -2.0% -4.0% -6.0%
-8.0%
2007.3 2008.1 2008.3 2009.1 National 2009.3 2010.1 Oklahoma 2010.3 2011.1 2011.3
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
State Budgets Hammered
All but four states faced budget shortfalls in FY 11.
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Its a Revenue Problem
Five consecutive quarters of worsening collections Revenue dropped more than twice as steeply as in the previous downturn Revenues recovering over past eight quarters
Quarterly Year-over-Year Change in General Revenue Collections, FY '02 - FY '12
30.0%
20.0% 10.0% 0.0% -10.0% -20.0% -30.0% -12.1% 5.7% 16.1%
-40.0%
-29.5% Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 Q1 Q3 FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY '02 '02 '03 '03 '04 '04 '05 '05 '06 '06 '07 '07 '08 '08 '09 '09 '10 '10 '11 11 12 12
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Its a Revenue Problem
FY 10 General Revenue 23 percent below FY 08 pre-downturn levels Revenues increased by 10.5 percent in FY 11 and are projected to rise 8.1 percent in FY 12 but to remain below pre-downturn levels through FY 13
Annual General Revenue Collections, FY '00 - FY '13
$5,701 $4,717 $4,408 $4,174 $4,616 $4,966 $5,935 $5,953 $5,544 $5,138 $5,555 $5,600
$4,621
FY '01 FY '02 FY '03 FY '04 FY '05 FY '06 FY '07 FY '08 FY '09 FY '10 FY '11 FY '12 FY '13 (proj.) (est.)
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Its a Revenue Problem
Tax Cuts Had a Long-Term Impact
Tax cuts were large, permanent, and back-loaded Tax cuts were stretched out over several years; full impact will not be felt until FY 13 Major cuts were almost all to the personal income tax
Lost Revenues from Select Tax Cuts Enacted 2004 - 2006 FY'05 through FY'10 (in $ millions) $800.0 $600.0 $400.0 $200.0 $0.0 $18.7 FY'05 $144.8 $333.3 $561.8 $776.9 $651.1
FY'06
FY'07
FY'08
FY'09
FY'10
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Its a Revenue Problem
Tax Collections Are at Historic Lows
In FY 10 tax collections equaled 5.5 percent of state personal income, compared to 7.2 percent in FY 01 Tax collections have not kept pace with personal income since FY 06
Oklahoma State Taxes, Total and as Share of Personal Income, FY '82 FY '10
2002
2007
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008
2009
Sources: State personal income from Bureau of Economic Analysis; Tax collections from Annual Executive Budget
2010
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Budgeting Through the Crisis
Three consecutive years of declining appropriations (FY 10 FY 12) followed by modest increases (FY 13) FY 13 appropriations of $6,855.8 million:
$253 million, 3.8 percent, above FY 12 $269 million, 3.8 percent, below FY 09
State Appropriations, FY '06- FY '13 (in $ Millions, includes supplementals, excludes Rainy Day "spillover" funds)
$7,500
$7,043
$30
$6,760 $6,217
$224
$273
$838 $554
Total= $6,603
$100
99
$6,856
FY'07
FY '10
FY '11
FY '12
FY '13
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Budgeting Through the Crisis
Just under 90 percent of appropriations consistently goes to 10 agencies that provide core services Over 65 agencies share remaining funding
FY '12 Appropriations: Total and 10 Largest Agencies (excludes supplementals)
DHS; $537 ; 8.3%
Corrections; $460 ; 7.1% Transportation; $107 ; 1.6% Mental Health; $187 ; 2.9% Career Tech; $134 ; 2.1% Juv. Affairs; $96 ; 1.5% Public Safety; $85 ; 1.3%
Notes: Transportation also received $70 from bond issue; OHCA excludes revenue from hospital provider assessmber (SHOPP)
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Budgeting Through the Crisis
Budgets for three straight years (FY 10, FY 11 & FY 12) involved variations on a theme:
Large shortfalls in projected revenues
Fear of devastating budget cuts Use of non-recurring revenues to partly bridge the budget gap Budget cuts across state government but less severe for core education, health, human services, and public safety agencies
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Budgeting Through the Crisis: FY 10 FY 12
Governors Henry and Fallin and the Legislature used various revenue enhancements to bridge budget shortfalls and reduce the severity of cuts: Revenue enhancements totaled close to $3 billion over 3 years Half from federal stimulus bills; remainder divided between Rainy Day Fund, cash transfers, enhanced tax compliance, and suspending and deferring tax credits Most new revenues were one-time/non-recurring Budget cuts for almost all agencies for 3 consecutive years Some 40 agencies more than half of all appropriated agencies absorbed cuts of greater than 20 percent Cuts to some key health, human services, education, and public safety agencies were less severe
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Budgeting Through the Crisis: FY 13
Total appropriations increased by $253 million (3.8 percent) from FY 12 Most agencies will receive flat funding in FY 13
46 of 78 appropriated agencies will receive the same amount or less
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Budgeting Through the Crisis
No agencies have been funded to cover rising operating and employee benefit costs State government workforce has shrunk by 9.8 percent compared to FY 09 and is 4.4 percent smaller than in FY 01 Staffing cuts have been especially severe for correctional facilities
State Employee FTE Count by Fiscal Year Average, FY 01 - FY '12 (excluding Higher Education; FY '12 YTD Apr)
40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 FY-01 FY-02 FY-03 FY-04 FY-05 FY-06 FY-07 FY-08 FY-09 FY-10 FY-11 FY-12 39,350 38,231 38,834 38,924 38,154 37,486 37,684 37,403 37,139 36,723 36,081 35,504
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Impact of Cuts
State appropriated spending reached its lowest level in at least 30 years in FY 11 and has likely fallen even further this year Budget cuts and funding shortfalls continue to affect Oklahoma students, teachers, public employees, nonprofit organizations and private sector businesses
Appropriated Budget as % of State Personal Income, Oklahoma, FY '80 - FY '11
7.0% 6.5% 6.0% 5.5% 5.0% 4.5%
Sources: State personal income from Bureau of Economic Analysis; Appropriations from various sources
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Impact of Cuts: Education
State aid funding has declined by $214 million since FY 2008 while public school enrollment has increased by over 24,000 students. Almost 1,000 fewer teachers than in 2008, leading to larger class sizes and reduced class offerings. Department of Education eliminated funding for adult education, alternative education, research-based teacher training programs, evaluation contracts, and other programs. Despite new testing requirements, funding reduced for ACE remediation and eliminated for Reading Sufficiency in FY 13. FY 12 budget initially failed to fund full year of health care benefits and stipends for board-certified teachers. Common education has fallen to lowest share of state appropriations since at least FY 00
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Impact of Cuts: Health and Human Services
In the past three years, the Health Department has been cut by 20 percent, forcing layoffs for at least 300 employees. Health Department eliminated 17 child guidance centers serving pre-school children with developmental delays; Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services reduced beds and closed centers for childrens mental health and adult substance abuse, cut contracts to all providers; Over 6,000 families on waiting list for developmentally-disabled home and community based waiver program;
Significant reductions in counseling programs for abused women and children and prenatal education for low-income mothers;
Office of Juvenile Affairs cancelled youth detention and gang prevention programs.
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Impact of Cuts: Other Areas
The Department of Corrections remains critically understaffed. Stress from being required to work frequent double-shifts is leading to high turnover. Often just one officer may be on duty in a dining hall of 160 inmates. The number of state troopers on Oklahoma highways is at its lowest level in 22 years. The state owes $36 million to more than 600 cities, counties, electrical cooperatives, state agencies, fire districts, schools and Indian tribes for its share of costs associated with 21 natural disasters dating back to 2007.
State workers have not received a pay increase in 6 years. The number of state workers has dropped by 3,804 (9.8 percent) since FY 09.
Budget Trends: FY 10 FY 13
Impact of Cuts
Oklahomans expect state government to: educate our children train our workforce maintain our infrastructure protect our communities
30.0%
20.0%
10.0% 0.0% -10.0% -20.0% -30.0% -40.0%
1.6% 0% 10% 6% 2% 5% 6% 3% 9%
6%
4%
-1%
-8%
-7% -17%
Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Jan-12 Apr-12
$2,000
$1,000 $0 FY '01 FY '02 FY '03 FY '04 FY '05 FY '06 FY '07 FY '08 FY '09 FY '10 FY '11 FY '12
1,000 500
M i l l i o n $2005
0 (500) (1,000) (1,500) (2,000) (2,500) 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033 2035 Ye ar B e for e Tax Cut s A ft e r Tax Cut s
Source: Projections conducted in 2007 by Dr. Kent Olson, Professor of Economics, Oklahoma State University
You have to be sure you're right before cutting tax rates or shrinking the tax base. The Legislature and the governor cannot say in following years, Oops, we made a mistake.
- Larkin Warner, OSU Regents Professor of Economics, Nov. 2011
Whatever our tax structure is in Oklahoma, its doing a good job of not holding us back, and on the other hand we dont want to do anything to mess it up. And thats what you always have to be careful of when you start getting political solutions to problems that may not really exist.
- Scott Meacham, Former State Treasurer, April 2012
I will tell you that state income tax had absolutely no impact in terms of the decision of merging the company and where the corporate headquarters is located.
-Phillips Petroleum CEO Jim Mulva, discussing the companys merger with Houston-based Conoco Inc. and decision to locate its new headquarters in Houston, November 2001
For 24 years, Ive been conducting interviews with executives of companies that we tried to recruit to Ardmore that ended up locating elsewhere. Not once in all those years did a company that rejected Ardmore base its decisions on taxes.
-Ardmore Chamber of Commerce President Wes Stucky, Oct. 2011
If our ability to educate and train employees for a 21st century economy is damaged through lack of funding, if we cant maintain our roads and bridges, strong health care system, robust research and technology infrastructure, safe streets, etc., then the benefits of a reduction in the income tax rates may be limited.
-Tulsa Metro Chamber Vice President & Former House Speaker Chris Benge, Oct. 2011
I can't sit here and say having no income tax, having low property tax, whatever, is going to make a big difference We have to have a state that's known for excellence.
-Ardmore Chamber of Commerce Pres. Wes Stucky, Oct. 2011
All would lower the top income tax rate, at least partly offset lost revenue by eliminating various income tax credits, deductions and exemptions
Plan differed as to: Fiscal impact (revenue-neutral vs. revenue reduction) Which tax preferences were eliminated Reduction or elimination of income tax
Fiscal impact in first full year of $350 million Further cuts in the top income tax rate in future years whenever revenues rise > 5 percent until income tax is completely eliminated.
House leadership refused to let bill get heard by full House Senate rejected last-minute House plan Governor opted against special session
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