Climate Change Adaptation Priority Activities

Ben Tre, pilot province under the NTP-RCC Vietnam

Erik Keus (NTP-RCC Ben Tre)

Overview of Presentation
1. Introduction

2. Causes of climate change

3. Adaptation fund

4. Rio + 20

5. Impact Climate Change Ben Tre

6. Adaptation Activities in Ben Tre

7. Conclusions

* Human activity

* Natural processes

The temperature has increased by 0,76 C already The next decades 0.2C per decade. Even if the current CO2 level was kept constant it would be 0,1C per decade. A temperature increase above 2C will lead to drastic changes

Source: IPCC

Anthropogenic Global Carbon Dioxide Budget

Global Carbon Project 2010

Responses Response

The last decade has been the warmest on record for global average temperature Trends need to be viewed over decades, as there are large year-to year variations

Claim: Volcanoes produce more CO2 then humans

Response

Researchers estimate that volcanoes emit between 0.13 and 0.44 billion metric tons CO2 per year,
Human emissions of 35 billion metric tons CO2 in 2010.

Why there is still debate?

The link between human activities

and global temperature change is clear

The debate has been created by a small but vocal group from outside the climate science community

Fossil Fuel CO2 Emissions

5
Annex B (Kyoto Protocol)

CO2 emissions (PgC y-1)

57%

4 3 2

Developed Nation

43%

Developing Nations
Non-Annex B

1990

2000 Time (y)

2010

Updated from Le Qur et al. 2009, Nature Geoscience; CDIAC 20010

Top 20 CO2 Emitters & Per Capita Emissions 2009

Total Carbon Emissions
2500 2000 6

Per Capita Emissions

(tons C person y-1)

(tons x 1,000,000)

1500 1000 500 0

3
2 1 0

Global Carbon Project 2010; Data: Gregg Marland, Thomas Boden-CDIAC 2010; Population World Bank 2010

The Adaptation Fund

Finance concrete adaptation projects in developing countries Over the past two years, $115 million to increase climate resilience in 18 countries. Under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), emissionreduction projects in developing countries can earn Certified Emission Reduction (CER) credits. (5 USD/ton CO2) Meet emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol. Share of proceeds amounts to 2 percent of the value of CERs issued each year for CDM projects. The fund also receives contributions from governments, the private sector, and individuals.

Certified Emission Reduction Credit

200 litres petrol = 200 x 2.331 = 466.2 kg CO2e 3.5 hectares of mangroves are capable of absorbing the carbon emissions of one typical American passenger automobile per year. It would take 5.2 metric tons CO2/yr to drive an average car in the US Mangrove can absorb 150 gr CO2 / m per year 1 CER Credit = about 6 USD.

20 passengers share a boat to cross a river Due to bad weather boat has to be lighter, but should still accommodate same 20 passengers Each passenger should be maximum 70 kg including luggage. So the heavy passenger needs to lose weight quickly. If can not lose weight quickly buy rights from passenger, who is less then 70 kg.

UNCTAD/Earth Council Carbon Market Partnership

Conclusion
:
* Actual annual CO2 emissions are increasing very fast * If CO2 continues to rise unchecked, it is likely that global warming will exceed 4C by the end of the century * This warming is much greater than the 0.76C we have already experienced * Local temperature changes might be even higher

Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development

Reaffirmation of previous agreements or worse, a

regression from those agreements. Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Similar to MDG Will be quantified MDGs only to developing countries, SDGs are universal Natural capital accounting, used alongside GDP to inform decision-making, value natural wealth

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The financial crisis makes it difficult to raise funds. The climate problem is global and all countries seek to do as little as possible at home. Western countries fear Asia. Old outdated industries have a lot of power. At present there are no leaders (like the EU was in the past) who can show the way.

Saline Intrusion

Climate Change Adaptation Priority Activities

National Target Program To Respond to Climate Change Comprehensive national plan around which all CC efforts can unify Climate change scenarios Strengthen Science and technology Action plans Integrate CC in socio economic development Develop capacity Raise awareness

National Target Program To Respond to Climate Change

Danida support:

CCA-NTP: Strengthened Capacity of Central and Provincial Governments to coordinate and implement climate change adaptation interventions through specific pilot interventions. Develop lessons learned for scaling up in other provinces by 2015. Budget 25 million USD

Adaptation activities: Pilot investment Studies, design Models Coastal protection Capacity building Reduce adaptation deficit No regret

pla

Why Mainstream CBA into Government Planning

Integration of development activities with CCA activities, avoid overlap. PPC can bring all sector needs together, identify overall priorities.

Opportunities for mainstreaming

Synergy with ongoing development activities Collaboration with other provinces, development of MekongNet, integration in MDP Increase cooperation and information exchange between sectors MOU between NTP-RCC and NGOs

Work plan 2010-2011 Conversion brackish water to fresh water Water treatment plant construction Rainwater tanks for poor Reversed osmosis water treatment Mangrove rehabilitation Farming system adaptation Water supply canal design

Freshwater storage for irrigation

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Dam to block saline intrusion

Bridge over freshwater inflow canal

Estimated change in production (based on interview 10 HH and commune data)

345 ha. Tiger Shrimp 79 ha. Rice 135 ha. Sugarcane 138 ha. Coconut tree 50 mill. VND 10 mill. VND 15 mill. VND 20 mill. VND 0% 300% 30% 50%

6 13 Bn.

Other benefits 900 HH. Vegetables 900 HH. Fruit 3.5 mill. VND 3.5 mill. VND 3.1 3.1

700 HH. Water cost 100 HA. Extra area

1.5 mill. VND 20 mill. VND Total

1.1 2.0 9.3 Bn.

Other benefits Health Benefits: less stomach and skin problems Increased land value Transport savings: better access by boat Increase income from livestock,: cows, pigs, poultry

Findings: Unless profit from shrimp is high/disease is controlled, fresh water crops are more profitable Cost of infrastructure is recovered in one year, could be funded with group loan.

Water treatment plant

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Target 800 Household connection 20 m3 capacity per hour Cost water VND 5900 per m3 Cost Connection 1 million VND Additional costs for additional pipes Poor households usually live far from road Poor households can not afford costs

Each tank is 2 M3 Target group selected by hamlet committee Household needs 10-20 L / day for drinking and cooking If finished have to buy water or use from canal For other uses use canal water, sometimes brackish Design considerations: tap, height, cover, storm

Capacity 15-40 M3 per day depending on salinity 30-5 ppt Cost 9000 VND per M3 at lowest salinity Drinking water quality Freshwater usual cost 35.000/M3, Drinking water 15-20.000 VND for 20 liters Local demand may be limited to end of dry season Distribution and payment complicated Pending further study

Mangrove Planting

Mangrove Planting

Mangroves protect against wind and erosion depending on site Mangroves create buffer zone, so people can not settle near sea Mangroves provide income with good management and depending on conditions Management by household or community

Farming System Adaptation

Farming System Adaptation

Farming System Adaptation

Model development ongoing to adapt to change seasons, variable rain and increased salinity Cover of soil around water melons with plastic to reduce evaporation Stock freshwater shrimps (Tom Cang Xanh) in ditches, experiment with tolerance of salinity Stock brackish water shrimp (Tom Su) in rice fields with salt tolerant rice / alternate with freshwater shrimp in rainy season Marble goby (Ca Bong Tuong) culture

Freshwater canal design

Total length 114 km Diameter 0.8-1 m Capacity 74000 m/day

Freshwater canal design

Will

supply freshwater to coastal area Intake inland where saline water does not reach yet Total length 114 km Diameter 0.8-1 m Capacity 74000 m/day

Conclusions
Climate Change is reality Ben Tre is vulnerable to climate change
Priorities

for adaptation selected by PPC on basis of proposals of departments and districts Integrated with development plans Based on local priorities, budget availability and human capacity Before 2015 will share good practices with other provinces