COMPRESSION OF BIOMEDICAL SIGNALS DWT AND RUN-LENGTH

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Abstract

This is a simulation based project Signal compression is done by preserving the peak values of ECG signal Wavelet Transform is used for feature extraction Zero Run-length code is used for compression 7/1/12

Introduction
WHAT ARE BIOMEDICAL SIGNALS?
Biomedical signals are observations of physiological activities of organisms. ECG,EMG,EEG etc. The ECG is the electrical manifestation of the contractile activity of the heart, and can be recorded fairly easily with surface electrodes on 7/1/12 the limbs or chest.

Need for Compression

For transmitting and storage applications. Save crucial time and unnecessary difficulties in emergency cases. Reduce the memory cost also.

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EXISTING COMPRESSION METHODS

ECG data compression techniques are typically classified into three major categories; q q q Direct data compression Transform coding Parameter extraction methods
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DIRECT DATA COMPRESSION

v Reduce the redundancy in data sequence by examining a successive number of neighboring samples. These techniques generally eliminate samples that can be implied by examining preceding and succeeding samples. Examples :- Amplitude zone epoch coding (AZTEC), Coordinate reduction time encoding system(CORTES).
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Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)

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Need for Compression

Transmission and storage of uncompressed video would be extremely costly and impractical.
Frame with 352x288 contains 202,752 bytes of information Recoding of uncompressed version of this video at 15 frames per second would require 3 MB. One minute 180 MB storage. One 24-hour day 262 GB
7/1/12 Using compression, 15 frames/second for 24 hour 1.4 GB, 187 days of video could be

Fourier Transform

The frequency spectrum of the signal shows what frequencies exist in the signal FT
Frequency domain Temporal domain

No frequency information is available in timedomain No time information is available in frequency99 7/1/12 domain signal

What is wavelet transform?

Provides time-frequency representation Wavelet transform decomposes a signal into a set of basis functions (wavelets) 1 t b from a ( ) Wavelets are obtaineda ,b (t ) = a single a prototype wavelet (t) called mother wavelet by dilations and shifting:
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Discrete Wavelet Transform

Theory of WT The wavelet transform is computed separately for different segments of the timedomain signal at different frequencies. Multi-resolution analysis: analyzes the signal at different frequencies giving different resolutions MRA is designed to give good time resolution and poor frequency resolution at high frequencies and good frequency resolution and poor time resolution at low frequencies 7/1/12

Filterbank Structure: Decomposition

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Discrete Wavelet Transform

2-D DWT for Image

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Discrete Wavelet Transform

Advantages of DWT over DCT

No need to divide the input coding into non-overlapping 2-D blocks, it has higher compression ratios avoid blocking artifacts. Allows good localization both in time and spatial frequency domain. Transformation of the whole introduces inherent scaling image

is Better identification of which data relevant to human perception higher 7/1/12 compression ratio

Discrete Wavelet Transform

Advantages of DWT over DCT (cont.)

Higher flexibility: Wavelet function can be freely chosen
No need to divide the input coding into nonoverlapping 2-D blocks, it has higher compression ratios avoid blocking artifacts. Transformation of the whole image introduces inherent scaling Better identification of which data is relevant to human perception higher compression ratio (64:1 vs. 500:1) 7/1/12

Discrete Wavelet Transform

Disadvantages of DCT
Only spatial correlation of the pixels inside the single 2-D block is considered and the correlation from the pixels of the neighboring blocks is neglected Impossible to completely decorrelate the blocks at their boundaries using DCT Undesirable blocking artifacts affect
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PARAMETER EXTRACTION METHODS

A set of parameters is extracted from the original signal which is used in the reconstruction process. The idea is to quantize a small set of extracted signal features.

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TRANSFORM CODING

Most widely used compression technique. A linear transformation is applied to the signal and then compression via redundancy reduction is applied in the transform domain rather than in the time domain. Fourier transform (FT), Wavelet transform
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Wavelet Transform
In recent years the wavelet transform (WT) has received great attention. A wavelet is a waveform of effectively limited duration that has an average value of zero.

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Contd

With the blooming of wavelet based methods in signal processing, much work has been done in ECG compression using these techniques. There is a great number of wavelet compression techniques available in the literature.

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Proposed System Compression using DWT and Runlength

The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) has been used in the core of the compression model and has combined with a lossless encoder which is the Runlength Encoder.

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Block Diagram

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THRESHOLDING

A comparison between a threshold value is done before encoding. At the time of comparison the sample values greater than or equal to threshold values are preserved. The samples with a lower value than the threshold get at the output a zero value.
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RUN LENGTH ENCODING

Runlength encoding process

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Advantages

Interested information in a signal can be easily preserved. Compression ratio is too high Cost effective
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Simulation Tool
Matlab R2009b Biomedical signal processing toolbox

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Future Work

FPGA implementation can be done to make a real time system This method can be incorporated with telemetry
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THANK YOU

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