STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Some

sentences have just one subject and verb. Some are easy to find. Certain structures, such as objects of prepositions, appositives, and participles cause confusion in locating the subject and verb they look like subject or verb.

The most common types of problems dealing with subject and verb. e.g: ........................ was backed up for miles on the freeway. (a) yesterday (b) in the morning (c) traffic (d) cars e.g : engineers ................ for work on the new space program. (a) necessary (b) are needed (c) hopefully (d) next month

Preposition: on, in under, at of, to, behind, after, by, for,etc. Object of preposition noun/ pronoun that comes after a preposition. O.of prep. can cause confusion be mistaken for the subject of a sentence. e.g: with his friend .................. found the movie theater. (a) has (b) he (c) later (d) when

 Appositive

is a noun that comes before or after another noun and has the same meaning. E.g : Sally, the best student in the class, got an A on the exam. ................., George, is attending the lecture. (a) right now (b) happily (c) because of the time (d) my friend

present participle is the-ing form of the verb. It can cause confusion it can be either a part of the verb or an adjective. E.g: 1)The man is talking to his friend. verb 2)The man talking to his friend has a beard. Adj. e.g: The child.... playing in the yard is my son. a) now b) is c) he d) was

It can cause confusion can be either an adjective or a part of a verb. verb e.g:The family has purchased a television. verb The poem was written by Paul. Verb adjective e.g: The television purchased yesterday was expensive. (Adj.) The poem written by Paul appeared in the magazine. (Adj.)

 Example

in Toefl section: The packages ............ mailed at the post office will arrive Monday. a) Have b) Were c) Them d) Just

TOEFL EXERCISE (SKILL 1- 5)

 Clause:

a group of words containing subject and predicate. Whenever you find a sentence on the TOEFL test with more than one clause: - make sure every subject has a verb, and every verb has a subject. - check that the various clauses in the sentence are correctly joined.

 Noun

clause clause that functions as noun used in sentence as subject or object. e.g : I like the present. s v o (noun) I like what he gave me. s v o (noun clause) this problem is none of my business. s v why you are sad is none of my business. s v

 Example

in TOEFL test ............. was on television made me angry. a) It b) The story c) What d) When ..........was late caused many problems a) That he b) The driver c) There d) because

 Adjective

noun E.g: the woman is filling the glass that she put on the table. - the woman is filling the glass. - she put the glass on the table. Example in TOEFL test: the gift ........selected for the bride was rather expensive. a) because b) was c) since d) which we

clause: a clause that describes a