OIL TANKER

Click to edit Master subtitle style BY: GURSHARAN SINGH MBA LSCM 2nd SEM

7/3/12

Introduction
Oil tanker
Is also known as a Petroleum Tanker. Is a merchant ship designed for the bulk transport of oil.

7/3/12

Cont
Type of oil tanker:
Crude Tanker.

Larger in Size. to transport large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its point of extraction to refineries.

Designed

Product Tanker.
Smaller

in Size.

designed

to move petrochemicals from refineries to points near consuming markets.

7/3/12

Classification of Oil Tanker

Oil tankers are often classified by their size as well as their occupation:-

Average freight rate assessment (AFRA) system which

classifies tankers of different sizes as:

General Purpose for tankers under 25,000 tons deadweight (DWT), Medium Range for ships between 25,000 and 45,000 DWT Large Range for the then-enormous ships that were larger than 45,000 DWT.

7/3/12

According to flexible market scale:

Crude carriers are among the largest, ranging from

55,000 DWT
Panamax-sized vessels to ultra-large crude carriers

(ULCCs) of over 440,000 DWT.

Smaller tankers, ranging from well under 10,000 DWT to

80,000 DWT
Panamax vessels, generally carry refined petroleum

products, and are known as product tankers.

The smallest tankers, with capacities under 10,000 DWT 7/3/12

generally work near-coastal and inland waterways.

Cont.

7/3/12

Specialized Types Of Oil Tankers

Naval replenishment oiler
a

tanker which can fuel a moving vessel.

Combination ore-bulk-oil carriers

Designed Could

to be capable of carrying wet or dry bulk cargoes.

carry oil on one leg of a voyage and return carrying dry bulk, reducing the number of unprofitable ballast voyages.

Floating storage units

Used

by the offshore oil industry to receive oil from nearby platforms and store it until it can be offloaded onto oil tankers the ability to process the product while it is onboard.

has

7/3/12

Fleet Characteristics
Oil tankers made up 36.9% of the world's fleet in terms of

deadweight tonnage in 2005.

The world's total oil tankers deadweight tonnage has increased

from 326.1 million DWT in 1970 to 960.0 million DWT in 2005.

The combined deadweight tonnage of oil tankers and bulk

carriers, represents 72.9% of the world's fleet.

7/3/12

Advantages & disadvantages of Tankers Advantages:

Most economical way of transporting large volumes of oil from the area of production to refineries, which then transport the refined petroleum products to consumers. It is frequently the only practical means of transporting crude oil, in locations, where the local market is insufficient and there are no alternatives (pipeline to markets do not exist). Tankers are convenient, since they have a number of compartments, whereby they can make a number of pick-ups (liftings) and deliveries. Transportation by tanker is convenient since a large tanker fleet exists to transport crude oil.

Disadvantages:

Potential for accidents and oil spillage. The tanker in some cases may not be the most economical means. If oil is found where the discovery can easily be tied into an existing pipeline, shipment of crude by tanker may be less economical.

7/3/12

Pollution
Water Pollution:
Oil

spills have devastating effects on the environment.

35.7%

of the volume of oil spilled is from tank vessels (ships/barges). 27.6% from facilities and other non-vessels. from non-tank vessels.

19.9% 9.3% 7.4%

from pipelines. from mystery spills.

Air Pollution:
7/3/12
Normal

tanker engines operation.