Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HazardRisksEthics2010
Definitions
Incident: Happening, event Hazard: Something with potential to cause harm/danger Crisis: Touches all levels of society e.g. water crisis, economic crisis, affect emotions, stress, long term: weeks, years Risk: The likelihood that the danger from a particular hazard is realized Ethics: The science which treats nature and ground of moral obligations
HazardRisksEthics2010
Definitions
Directive MKN 20: Incident involving large number of loss of lives, extensive property destruction, with potential to affect public safety and security, not expected, affect routine activities
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Prevention
Prepare Emergency Response Plan e.g. hysteria, food poisoning, pregnant staff Practice safety culture Duties of Safety Committee, OSHA 1984, CIMAH?
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Hazard
Acronym USA Department of Justice: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) B-NICE for biological, nuclear, incendiary, chemical and explosive incidents
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Hazard
Biological: SARS, exotic diseases e.g. ibola, re-appearing e.g. smallpox, TB, anthrax involves insects, plants, birds, animals, human, bacteria Nuclear: radiation, natural e.g. radon daughters (half-life 2days), man-made e.g. X rays
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Types of Hazard
Ergonomics e.g. repetitive movements, improper set-up of workstation Physical: radiation, magnetic fields, extreme pressure, noise, poor IAQ, extreme temperature Psychosocial: stress, violence Safety:slip/trip, inappropriate machine guard, equipment malfunction or breakdown
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Hazard
Incendiary: Weapons of mass destruction Botox, sarin, Batu Pahat Jenalik 2000 JRA 1974: AIA Building
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Mechanical Hazards
Common mechanical injuries: puncturing, cutting and tearing, shearing, straining etc Risk assessment in machine operation Machine guarding self assessment Feeding and ejection system Robot safeguards Control of hazardous energy (lockout/tag out)
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Thermal comfort Heat stress and strain Cold stress Burns and their effects Chemical burns
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Pressure Hazards
Sources of pressure hazards Boilers and pressure hazards High temperature water hazard Hazard of unfired pressure vessels Hazard of high pressure systems Cracking hazard in pressure vessels Pressure dangers to humans
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Chemicals
Applications in buildings, plants, ship, port, aircraft, vehicles Not adequate to know dangerous, must how it is dangerous Meaning of unit e.g. ppm, LD50 dan MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) Entry through oral, skin, breathing
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Chemicals
15 million chemicals (natural or man-made) 60,000 at work 2000 new chemicals each year 2000 fauna flora extinct
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Hazard
Explosions: Pepper Carbide Terrorism: MKN Directive18 Public security : MKN Directive 19
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Card
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e Crimes
<1% computer fraud cases detected 90% crimes not reported Computer bank theft RM1.5 millions 25% Fortune 500 companies lost to e crime USD 2-10 millions Losses RM300m-500 b per year
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Malaysian e Acts
Computer Crimes Act 1997 enforced 2000 Digital Signature Act 1997 enforced 2000 Telemedicine Act 1997 enforced 1999 Copyright (Amendment) Act 1997 enforced 1999 Communication & Multimedia Act 1998 enforced 1999
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Regulations
Safety in Transportation, can not carry petrol/diesel in public transport Classification, Packaging and Labeling Regulations 1997 Use and Standards of Chemicals Hazardous to Health Regulations, 2000 Scheduled Waste Regulation 1989 Declaration of Dangerous Goods (DG)
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Regulations
OSHA 1994 Environmental Quality Act 1974 Chemical Industry Major Accident Hazard Uniform Building By Law 1984
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Regulations
Maritime Laws Merchant Shipping Ordinance 1952 EQA 1974 Fisheries Act 1985 Continental Shelf Act 1966 Petroleum Mining Act 1966 MARPOL Protocol 1978 (pollution from ships) & OPRC 1990
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Fire Safety
Prank calls > 1 million per year, Fire triangle Active fire protection fire extinguisher, hoses, sprinkler systems, PA system, control panel) Passive fire protection (compartmentation, means of egress, dead end limits) Prevention Unit
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Fire Incidents
Long holidays, at night 12- 4 am Not enough water supply Hydrant has clearance <30 cm On alert when rainfall < 100mm a month, Bush fire 2 6 pm available elderly and children Fire extinguisher becomes a show piece
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Building Regulations
Uniform Building By Laws 1984 Sarawak Building Ordinance 1994 Keutamaan adalah perlindungan nyawa Fire Services Act 1988 (341) berkuatkuasa 1 Januari, 1989, untuk pelabuhan, kapal (vessels) VTS- vessel traffic services
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Quotation
We can never guarantee that our plans and intentions will not be thwarted by disaster. Even when we think we are as safe as can be, we can never disregard completely the possibility that some unforeseen destructive event may put us in danger, or upset our orderly everyday affairs. Sometimes we say such events occur because of bad luck or misfortune, implying that we are subject to external and unfathomable forces which we must accept, since we have no possibility of controlling or influencing them. Turner, 1998
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Port
55,000 registered sailors in Malaysia, IMO/SOLAS Largest single plant in the world at MLNG Bintulu Dedicated berth first in the world 1962 Bintulu most modern and expensive port (RM700,000 min per call) Handling of dangerous goods DG Declaration of DG , associated goods VTS (Vehicle Traffic Surveillance) Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL)
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Lock-up
Putrajaya, Cheras, Sentul, Brickfields, Gombak dan Petaling Jaya, Kajang, Ampang Safety Checklist Nebraska Jail Standards (1995), Prison Act 1955 (Act 537) Less drill, poor lighting Overcrowded
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Graduates more knowledgeable on loop holes in the law 70% IPTA/IPTS students are female all over the world Security staff not aware on safety, use of PPE, CCTV, back-up, training and motivation
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Vandalism
Tahun 1 2 1996 1997 Kos (RM) 350,750 Pusat Perlop Perak, Jelebu
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4 5 6
1998
1999 2000 2001
968,915
Karak,Perlop, Perlop, Sg Petani, Jeli, Dengkil 1,015,930 Jerantut, Sg Ruan Pahang, Bt Mertajam, Perlop, Karak 500,000 Muar
1,536,900 Tampoi
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Eco-tourism
Safety of tourists to follow international standards e.g hassle to ladies Grading of river Grading of accommodation Registration Embassy information Multi lingual tourist guide Toilets
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Traffic
2 million cars enter KL, 1 million leaves KL Point duty Noise from vehicles, whistle No suitable PPE gloves, sunglasses Protection from oncoming cars Human rights
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Greg 1996
Heavy floods, rain intensity1 in 100 years Handling of bodies, rubbish gloves Foreign unregistered workers, kind neighbors Non Muslim, different culture Basic needs of responders, debriefing
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Longhouse
10-110 pintu One longhouse fire involves1000 persons Combustible materials Location away from main roads Elderly High fire load
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Carnival
High occupancy (5,000 becomes 30,000) Basic needs: toilet, accommodation, tagging, traffic flow, registration, water supply, electrical supply, food, special diet, safety, rubbish, food poisoning, empty water bottles Food handling and food handlers: freezer, fridge Tent from combustible materials VIP
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Dormant: the situation has potential to be hazardous for environment Potential: hazard in position to affect persons, property or environment Mitigated: potential hazard has been identified but actions have been taken to control hazard
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Mitigation
worst scenario becomes IAP (incident action plan) Add SOP (standard operating procedure) and ICS (IC cannot FLOP) Combination becomes ERP (emergency response planning)
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IAP = Incident action plan (primary, secondary) ICS = Incident Command System (written emergency management) ERP= emergency response planning
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Scenario
Plane landed in the streest on an Indonesian pregnant woman Sg Buluh Hazardous chemicals flowed into e.g. Rhine River Flash flood: safe to stay in the car?
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Integrated Mitigation
Directive MKN 20 integrated multi-agency approach for: Natural disaster: e.g.storm, landslide, drought flash flood Industrial disaster e.g.explosion Bright Sparklers,fire, CIMAH Transportation: road traffic, river, maritime, air transport
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Directive MKN 20
DG Building collapse, special structure Aviation accident Rail accident Open fire Dam burst, gas release, nuclear, haze (API>300)
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Disaster Stages
Incubation Stage/ Pre- Disaster Turning Point Disaster Occurs, reaches peak Towards normalcy Post Disaster
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What next?
Use ICS- Incident Command System, international standard based on Californian forest fire IC (Incident Commander) cannot FLOP (finance, logistics, operations, planning) Snowball effect: 1 s require 1 bucket water air, 10 mins requires 1 fire engine, 1 hour late nothing
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MKN 20?
For all premise/ factory/ office lanjutan Fire Act 341 1988 effective February 2006: ERT JKKP (OSHA 1994)
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ICS
Incident Commander Chief
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Safety officer Liaison Officer (LO) LO for VVIPs One for 5-7 items According to expertise
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Incident Commander Safety Officer Spokesperson Finance Subordinate Logistics Subordinate Subordinate Liaison Officer Information Officer Operations Planning Subordinate
Subordinate
Subordinate
Subordinate
Subordinate
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MKN Levels
MKN Level 1 District level (> 2 mukim) (DO, OCPD) MKN Level 2 State level (> 2 districts) (MB, KP) MKN Level 3 National level (> 2 states) (PM atau wakil, SUK, IGP) e.g. Tsunami Kota Kuala Muda, Aceh, Head Operations Bomba except biological nature or no PPE e.g. anthrax
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Operations
Hot zone red Warm zone orange Green zone One entry/exit: tag in tag out Accountability
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ERP components
Mission, objective Accountability and authority Distribution of plan Supplies MoU with suppliers e.g.warehouse, lorries, face mask, blankets, mobile toilets, first aid kits, gloves, medicine Register volunteers, experts data list Location data Hazard evaluation
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ERP Components
Reporting procedure Evacuation procedure Mitigation procedure Special procedure e.g. President, OKU Equipment shutdown Normal operations Training, record
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Hazard Identification
Common during long weekend holidays Back track event Identify incubation period Retard incident growth Probability of incident Effect of incident
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Competent Authorities
Identification and hazard analysis conducted in systematic way ERP management to relevant authorities ERP elements practiced and drills conducted
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ERP
Development ERP Tabletop excercise Improve ERPdrill annually or every 6 months for different scenario Frequency Commitment from top management
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Safety
PPE (personal protective equipment) e.g. tag in tag out, (near miss), improve habits No replacement for LIFE
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Safety Audit
Electrical fault (overload, arching) Chemical Biological General safety Fire prevention Natural disaster potential
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Use disposable gloves During CPR use disposable pocket mask Medical garbage e.g.blood, vomit, pus disposed according to Act EQA 1974 Please be kind to yourself first
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Chemical properties (toxicity) Reporting procedure in emergency Know the trigger system Location fire protection system and how to use it PPE, BA Procedure leaving scene, debriefing, declaration end of exercise Frequency Reporting Lessons learnt
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Data
Data analysis e.g. weather, height of water level at river, dam Applications for handling DG Static electricity Control of relative humidity Public domain: internet, tv
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Something to Ponder
Develop procedure : 12 months Check procedure: 1 month Destroy procedure : 1 day Message:dont GIVE UP
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