Introduction to Fisheries

According to FAO, a fishery is typically defined in terms of the "people involved, species or type of fish, area of water or seabed, method of fishing, class of boats, purpose of the activities or a combination of the foregoing features. A fishery is an entity engaged in raising and/or harvesting fish, which is determined by some authority to be a fishery.

Industrial fisheries Small scale fisheries Artisanal fisheries Recreational (sport) fisheries Commercial fisheries Subsistence fisheries Traditional fisheries

 Capital-intensive fisheries using relatively large vessels with a high degree of mechanization and that normally have advanced fish finding and navigational equipment. High production capacity and the catch per unit effort is normally relatively high.

 Typically traditional fisheries involving fishing households. Using relatively small amount of capital, relatively small fishing vessels, making short fishing trips, close to shore, mainly for local consumption. Artisanal fisheries can be subsistence or commercial fisheries, providing for local consumption or export. In general, though by no means always, using relatively low level technology.

. Artisanal and industrial fisheries frequently target the same resources that may give rise to CONFLICT

Also called as Sport fisheries..

Harvesting fish for personal use, leisure, and challenge. Recreational fishing does not include sale, barter or trade of all or part of the catch.

Commercial Fisheries undertaken for profit and with the objective to sell the harvest on the market, through auction halls, direct contracts, or other forms of trade

Subsistence A fishery where the fish caught are shared and consumed directly by the families and kin of the fishers rather than being bought by intermediaries and sold at the next larger market.

Types Of Fishery Practices Saltwater Fishery Freshwater Fishery Wild Fishery Farmed Fishery

Herring Cod Anchovy Tuna Flounder Mullet Squid Shrimp Salmon Crab Lobster Oyster Scallops

Classification of Fish Diseases

Bacterial Diseases Fungal Diseases Parasitic Diseases Physical Ailments

White Spot Disease :- caused by a parasite named Cryptocaryon. Skin or gill flukes :- caused by parasitic flatworms known as Trematodes.

Anchor Worms:-thread-like worms that attach themselves to the head of the fish. Hole in the Head disease (Hexamita):- caused by Hexamita, a flagellated protozoan that is found in the gastrointestinal tracts of many fishes. Velvet (Oodinium) Fin Rot Tuberculosis Dropsy

CURE
Anti-biotics

Copper Treatments

Indian Fisheries sector has been witnessing a steady growth from theFirst Five Year Plan. The annual fish production was over 6.3 million tonnes during 2004-05 from around 0.75 million t in 1950-1951. The marine fish production increased from 0.53 million tonnes in 1950-51 to a maximum of 2.99 million tonnes in 2002-03 and 2.78 million tonne during 2004-05. The contribution of inland sector to the fish basket of the country has increased at a higher rate, from 0.218 million tonnes during 1950-51 to 3.52 million tonnes in 2004-05.

A Case Study
Andhra Pradesh Fisheries contribute 10% of total fish and shrimp production of India.

The convenient geographical location of this South Indian state allows marine fishing as well as inland fish production in Andhra Pradesh.

WHOA..!!!!
The Value of marine products exports from India in 1998 was Rs. 4710 Crores among which the state alone contributed products of Rs. 2000 Crores. Andhra Pradesh constantly tries to increase fish seed production and stocking. For this they are using modern equipment like including the use of satellite data for forecasting movement of Fish shoals

Govt. Aid
Fishery Rights have been implemented and the government is trying to inspire the labourers to follow scientific fishing techniques that would be promote sustainable development and would be beneficial to all concerned. Issue of separate licenses for fisherman in inland waters and marine fishing crafts are in process.

Excited Fish Farmers

The central coastal districts of the state have been concentrating on advanced methods of fish production and the farmers are getting encouraged to convert agricultural lands into fresh water fishponds to obtain better yields and also to make full use of fresh water.

More.
Activities like boat riding in lakes and reservoirs, establishment of Angling clubs, ornamental fish and aquariums and construction of marine parks are upcoming for additional income. This data in itself explains the importance of fisheries in Andhra Pradesh.