Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Inventories
Accounting, 21st Edition
Warren Reeve Fess
Copyright 2004 South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. Task Force Image Gallery clip art included in this electronic presentation is used with the permission of NVTech Inc.
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Objectives
1. Summarize and provide examples of internal After studying this control procedures that apply to inventories. chapter, you should 2. Describe the effect of inventory errors on the financial statement. be able to: 3. Describe the three inventory cost flow assumptions and how they impact the income statement and balance sheet. 4. Compute the cost of inventory under the perpetual inventory system, using the following cost methods: first-in, first-out; lastin, first-out; average cost.
Objectives
5. Compute the cost of inventory under the periodic inventory system, using the following costing methods: first-in, first-out; last-in, first-out; average cost. 6. Compare and contrast the use of the three inventory costing methods. 7. Compute the proper valuation of inventory at other than cost, using the lower-of-cost-ormarket and net realization value concepts. 8. Prepare a balance sheet presentation of merchandise inventory.
Objectives
9. Estimate the cost of inventory, using the retail method and the gross profit method. 10. Compute the interpret the inventory turnover ratio and number of days sales in inventory.
Receiving report
AGREE
Purchase order
Invoice
JOURNAL
Date
Description
Accounts Payable--XYZ Co. Purchased merchandise on account.
Post. Ref.
Nov. 9 Inventory
1 222 00 1 222 00
Merchandise Inventory
ASSETS
OWNERS EQUITY
Net Income
REVENUES
If merchandise inventory is . . . . . . . Cost of merchandise sold is . . . . . . Gross profit and net income are . . .
overstated
understated overstated
overstated
Sold goods
Sold goods
34%
19%
10%
0%
4%
Fifo Lifo Average Other
10 7 8 4 2 10
$20
The firm begins the year with 10 units of Item 127B on hand at a total cost of $200.
Date
Jan. 1 4
Qty.
Unit Cost
Qty. 7
Unit Cost
Total Cost
Qty.
10 3
20
140
Date
Jan. 1 4 10
Qty.
Unit Cost
Qty. 7
Unit Cost
Total Cost
Qty.
10 3 3 8
20
140
21
168
Because the purchase price of $21 is different than the cost of the previous 3 units Onhand, the inventory balance of on January 10, the firm 11 units is accounted for separately.
On January 22, the firm sold four units for $31 each.
On January 22, the Unit Total firm sold four units Date Qty. Cost Cost Qty. for $31 each. Jan. 1
4 10
22
Purchases
Inventory Balance
Qty.
10 3 3 8 7
7
8 21 168 3 1
20
140
20 21
60 21
Of the four units sold, three are from the first units in (fifo) at a cost of $20.
Date
Jan. 1 4 10 22 28
Qty.
Unit Cost
Qty. 7
Unit Cost
Total Cost
Qty.
10 3 3 8 7 5
20
140
21
168 3 1 2 20 21 21 60 21 42
On January 30, purchased ten additional units of Item 127B at $22 each.
Date
Jan. 1 4 10 22 28 30 Totals
Qty.
Unit Cost
Qty.
Unit Cost
Total Cost
Qty.
10 3 3 8 7 5 5 10 15
Unit Total Cost Cost 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 22 200 60 60 168 147 105 105 220 $325
On January 30, purchased 7 20 8ten additional units of Item 21 168 127B at $22 each.
3 1 2 20 21 21
140
60 21 42
10
18
22
220
$388 13 $263
The firm begins the year with 10 units of Item 127B on hand at a total cost of $200.
20
140
7
8 21 168
20
140
7
8 21 168 4
20
140
21
84
On January 22,sold, all come Of the 4 units the firm sells four from the most recent purchase units at $31 each. each. at a cost of $21
7
8 21 168 4 2
20
140
21 21
84 42
7
8 21 168 4 2
20
140
21 21
84 42
7
8 21 168 4 2
20
140
21 21
84 42
Totals
18
$388
13
$266
Fifo Periodic
Fifo Periodic
200 units @ $9 300 units @ $10 400 units @ $11 100 units @ $12 1,000 units available for sale during year Jan. 1 Beginning Inventory Mar. 10 Purchase Sept. 21 Purchase
Nov. 18 Purchase
Fifo Periodic
200 units @ $9 300 units @ $10 400 units @ $11 100 units @ $12 = $1,800 = = 3,000 4,400 Jan. 1 Mar. 10 Sept. 21
1,200
Nov. 18
1,000 units available $10,400 for sale during Cost of merchandise year
available for sale
Fifo Periodic
A physical count on December 31 reveals that 700 of the 1,000 units have been sold. Using fifo, the first units purchased are theoretically the first units sold. We begin the count with January 1.
Fifo Periodic
Sold these 200 200 units @ $9
Sold these $10 300 units @300 Sold unitsof these 400 200 200 @ $11 100 units @ $12 $1,800 = $ 0 = = 3,000 0 2,200 4,400
Jan. 1
Mar. 10 Sept. 21
1,200
Nov. 18
1,000 units available $10,400 $ 3,400 for sale during year Ending inventory
Fifo Periodic
Cost of merchandise available for sale $10,400 Less ending inventory 3,400 Cost of merchandise sold $ 7,000
$4,400
700 units
$1,200 $10,400
Merchandise Inventory
$2,200 $1,200 $3,400 200 units at $11 100 units at $12
1,000 units
300 units
Lifo Periodic
Lifo Periodic
200 units @ $9 300 units @ $10 400 units @ $11 100 units @ $12 Jan. 1 Beginning Inventory Mar. 10 Purchase Sept. 21 Purchase
Nov. 18 Purchase
1,000 units lifo, the most recent batch Using available for sale during purchased is considered the first year
Lifo Periodic
200 units @ $9 300 units @ $10 400 units @ $11 100 units @ $12 1,000 units available for sale during year
Nov. 18 Purchase
Lifo Periodic
200 units @ $9 Sold unitsof these 100 200 @ $10 300 400 units @400 Sold these $11 100 units @100 Sold these $12 = $1,800 = = = 3,000 1,000 4,400 0 1,200 0 Jan. 1 Mar. 10 Sept. 21 Nov. 18
1,000 units available $10,400 $2,800 for sale during year Ending Inventory
Lifo Periodic
Cost of merchandise available for sale $10,400 Less ending inventory 2,800 Cost of merchandise sold $ 7,600
Cost of Merchandise Merchandise Sold Available 200 units at $9 for Sale $1,800
$1,800 $3,000 $1,800 $1,000 $2,800 Cost of Merchandise Sold 100 units at $10
300 units
$4,400
$2,000
$4,400 $1,200 $7,600
$1,200 $10,400
1,000 units
700 units
periodic method is based 300 units @ $10 Mar. 10 on the average cost ofPurchase units. 400 units @identicalSept. 21 Purchase $11
100 units @ $12 1,000 units available for sale during year
Nov. 18 Purchase
100 units @ $11 1,000 units available for sale during year
2. Estimated gross profit is calculated by multiplying the estimated gross profit rate times the actual net sales. 3. Estimated cost of merchandise sold is calculated by subtracting the gross profit from actual sales.
4. The cost of merchandise sold estimate is deducted from actual merchandise available for sale to determine the estimated cost of merchandise inventory.
175,000 $ 62,000
The gross profit method is useful for estimating inventories for monthly or quarterly financial statements in a periodic inventory system.
Inventory Turnover
SUPERVALU
Cost of merchandise sold Inventories: Beginning of year End of year Total Average $15,620,127,000
$1,115,529,000 1,067,837,000 $2,183,366,000 $1,091,683,000
Zale
$ 737,188,000
$478,467,000 571,669,000 $1,050,136,000 $525,068,000
Inventory turnover
14.3 times
1.4 times
Use: Inventory turnover measures the relationship between the volume of goods sold and the amount of inventory carried during the period.
Zale
$42,794,868
$1,067,837,000
$2,019,693 $571,669,000
25 days
283 days
Chapter 9
The End