REFERAT TB

RADIOLOGI

Epidemiologi
Mycobacterium tuberculosis telah menginfeksi sepertiga penduduk dunia. TBC menjadi penyebab kematian utama, hingga dua juta orang pada tahun 1990. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh : (1) program pengendalian penyakit yang tidak adekuat. (2) Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR). (3) co-infection dengan HIV. (4) Peningkatan jumlah penduduk, terutama dewasa muda yang merupakan kelompok umur dengan mortalitas tertinggi dari tuberkulosis.

 Berdasarkan Global Tuberculosis Control Tahun 2009 (data tahun 2007) prevalensi semua tipe TB sebesar 244 per 100.000 penduduk atau sekitar 565.614 kasus semua tipe TB insidensi semua tipe TB sebesar 228 per 100.000 penduduk atau sekitar 528.063 kasus semua tipe TB Insidensi kasus baru TB BTA Positif sebesar 102 per 100.000 penduduk atau sekitar 236.029 kasus baru TB Paru BTA Positif kematian TB 39 per 100.000 penduduk atau 250 orang per hari.

Definisi
Tuberkulosis paru (TB) adalah suatu penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh basil Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Klasifikasi
Organ

Pengobatan

Paru

Ekstra paru

Ringan

BTA +

BTA -

Berat

PATOGENESIS

Primer

Post Primer

Diagnosis
Klinis

Bakteriologis

Radiologis

Chest x ray (posterioranterior) view showing significant findings.

Bansal M et al. BMJ Case Reports 2009;2009:bcr.04.2009.1823

2009 by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd

Sputum culture-positive TB in an 82-year-old Asian woman.

Leung A N Radiology 1999;210:307-322

1999 by Radiological Society of North America

Atypical distribution of postprimary TB in a 62-year-old man.

Leung A N Radiology 1999;210:307-322

1999 by Radiological Society of North America

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Pattern of alveolar infiltrate, acute, with confluent small ill-defined densities, and after healing.

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Chronic Bronchitis. The magnified view shows the irregular bronchovascular structures (arrow heads).

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Postprimary pattern of TB in a 54-year-old Hispanic man.

Leung A N Radiology 1999;210:307-322

1999 by Radiological Society of North America

Chest radiograph obtained in a 3-year-old Hispanic boy shows mediastinal and right hilar lymphadenopathy.

1999 by Radiological Society of North America

Leung A N Radiology 1999;210:307-322

Chest radiograph obtained in a 7-month-old Hispanic boy shows right paratracheal lymphadenopathy (straight arrow) with multilobar consolidation predominating in the right lung.

1999 by Radiological Society of North America

Leung A N Radiology 1999;210:307-322

Chest radiograph obtained in a 4-year-old boy shows right hilar lymphadenopathy (arrow) associated with right upper lobe consolidation.

1999 by Radiological Society of North America

Leung A N Radiology 1999;210:307-322

Chest radiograph obtained in a 19-year-old woman shows a large right-sided pleural effusion (curved arrows) associated with right hilar lymphadenopathy (straight arrows).

1999 by Radiological Society of North America

Leung A N Radiology 1999;210:307-322

Atypical distribution of postprimary TB in a 62-year-old man.

1999 by Radiological Society of North America

Leung A N Radiology 1999;210:307-322

Close-up radiographic view of the upper lung zones in a 56-year-old Hispanic man shows illdefined parenchymal opacities (white arrows) associated with nodular and linear components in the periphery of the bilateral upper lobes.

1999 by Radiological Society of North America

Leung A N Radiology 1999;210:307-322

Postprimary pattern of TB in a 54-year-old Hispanic man.

1999 by Radiological Society of North America

Leung A N Radiology 1999;210:307-322

Postprimary pattern of TB in a 54-year-old Hispanic man.

1999 by Radiological Society of North America

Leung A N Radiology 1999;210:307-322

Penatalaksanaan
Menyembuhkan penderita Mencegah kekambuhan Menurunkan tingkat penularan Mencegah kematian

OAT
Kategori 1 (2RHZE/4R3H3) Kategori 2 (2RHZES/1RHZE/5H3R3E3) Kategori 3 ( 2RHZE/4RH atau 6 RHE) Kategori 4 ( RHZES/ sesuai hasil uji resistensi + Obat lini 2 ( pengobatan minimal 18 bl) Sisipan (RHZE)

Hasil Pengobatan Tindak Lanjut

Sembuh Pengobatan lengkap Meninggal Pindah DO Gagal